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Neuro Flashcards

0
Q

Occlusion of posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

A

Visual and memory deficits

Occipital and part of temporal lobe ( bottom part of temporal)

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1
Q

Occlusion anterior cerebral artery (aca)

A

Paresis and sensory loss in contralateral leg

medial region of the brain

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2
Q

Occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA)

A

Contralateral hemianesthesia and paralysis Of arm and lower part of face and loss of language is dominant hemi is involved

  • blood to lateral hemi and motor cortex and language in dominant hemi.
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3
Q

Fasciculus gracilis

A

Ipsi for form legs and lower trunk - fine touch proprioception and vibratory senses

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4
Q

Fasciculus cuneatus

A

Starting at t 5 - ipsi infor form upper trunk arms and neck - fine touch proprioception and vibratory senses

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5
Q

Stt ( spinothalamic tract)

A

Pain and temp info from the contralateral side of the body

Neurons in laminae I and V are at the origin of the STT ( contralateral)

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6
Q

Propriospinal tract ( pst)

A

Present in all funiculi, adjacent to gray matter and contains fibers that connect different segmental levels of the gray matter

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7
Q

Neurons in Clark’s nucleus

A

Carry unconscious proprioception from the legs and are at the origin of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract

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8
Q

Ventral horn

A

VIII-IX - contain alpha and gamma motor neurons whose axons exit through the ventral root to form spinal nerves and supply skeletal musculature

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9
Q

Dorsal root medial division vs lateral division

A

Medial division go to the dorsal column and lateral division for the the white matter. Lissauers tract is used by the lateral division to ascend or descend 1-3 spinal cord segments

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10
Q

Muscle spindles - type 1a

A

Ia- ( primary or annulospiral) both nuclear bag ( dynamic and static) and chain ( static ) respond to both muscle length and rate of change of muscle length

Stretch response

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11
Q

Muscle spindles type 2

A

II - ( secondary or flower spray) only static bag and chain fibers only respond to muscle length

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12
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

Btw muscles and tendons - monitor tension generated by muscle contraction. Innervated by : type IB afferent axons- reasoned to muscle tension

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13
Q

Ruffini’s corpuscle

A

Skin stretching - A- beta fibers ( large myelinated and fast conducting) - slowly adapting respond thru out stimuli

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14
Q

All cutaneous mechanoceptros

A

A- beta receptors - large myelinated fast conducting fibers

Enter through medial division of dorsal root, send collateral to dorsal column and into laminae III-VI

Rapidly adapting ( onset and offset of stimuli) pacinian, Meisner, hair 
Slowly adapting - ruffini and merkel
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15
Q

Merkel disc

A

Detects pressure and texture - slow adapting

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16
Q

Meissners corpuscle

A

Stroking fluttering -

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17
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Vibrations

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18
Q

Hair

A

Light stroking

19
Q

Cold and sharp pain and crude touch

A

A delta - lights myelinated - small and slow - laminae I and V to STT. Goes thru lateral division

Or III

20
Q

Warmth and dull pain

A

C delta ( non myelinated) slower than a delta

Or IV

21
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract

A

Cross in pyramidal decussation - originate in contralateral cerebral cortex. Most info is voluntary control of skeletal muscles and suppression of infantile reflexes

Cervical near the gray matter

22
Q

Lesion of LMN

A

Flaccid paralysis, hyporeflexia, hypotonia, fasciculation and muscle atrophy

23
Q

LCST

A

Controls the distal LMN

24
Q

Vcst

A

Control the axial or proximal LMN

25
Q

Upper motor neuron lesion

A

Paralysis , weakness , hyperreflexia, hypertonia, clonus, disuse atrophy, clasp knife, babinski

26
Q

Posterior nucleus of hypothalamus

A

Controls sympathetic system - promote fight or flight response (lesion horners syndrome ( myosis, anhidrosis, ptosis)

Controls thermoregulation
- conservation of heat ( thermogenesis) via vasoconstriction and shivering ( lesion poikilothermia like a snake)

27
Q

Tuberomammillary nucleus of posterior hypothalamus

A

Controls wakefulness vis histaminergic neurons lesion HYPERSOMNIA

28
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

Feeding center - promotes hunger and feeding.
Lesion - anorexia

Has neurons that secrete orexin: regulator of sleep/ wake states as well a feeding behavior and reward processes. INHIBITED by leptin

Too little orexin = narcolepsy
Administration of orexin results in stim of appetite

29
Q

Mammillary body

A

Memory consolidation

Lesion: anterograde amnesia( b1 thiamine deficiency or lesion)

30
Q

Ventromedial nuc of hypothalamus

A

Satiety control STIMULATED by leptin

Lesion : hyperplasia and obesity

31
Q

Arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus

A

Increase DA and decreases prolactin
Increases secretion of GH
Controls feeding

Lesion: Neuroendocrine and feeding dysfunction

32
Q

Dorsomedial nucl of hypothalamus

A

Control feeding, body weight

Lesion: feeding, body weight dysfunction

33
Q

Anterior nucleus

A

Increase parasympathetic
Increase rest and digest
Increase thermolysis

A/C- cooling off anterior

Lesion : deficit in parasympathics and hyperthermia

34
Q

Suprachiasmatic nuc of hypothalamus

A

Controls circadian rhythms

Lesion: disturbs cyclic bodily functions

35
Q

Paraventricular nucleus

A

Increase ADH, water renention
Increase oxytocin , milk letdown and uterine contractions
Increase ACTH , tsh, decrease GH

Lesion : diabetes insipidus and endocrine deficits

36
Q

Supraoptic nucleus hypothalamus

A

Increase adh , oxytocin

Lesion : diabete insipidus

37
Q

Lateral preoptic nucleus hypothalamus

A

Promotes non rem sleep

Lesion: hyposomnia

38
Q

Medial preoptic nucleus hypothalamus

A

Controls set point thermoregulation
Increase LH and FSH
Controls sexual behavior

Lesion: hyperthermia, amenorrhea and impotence

39
Q

What two nucleus of hypothalamus project to the posterior pituitary

A

Supra optic (adh)and para ventricular ( oxytocin)

40
Q

Diseases with change in NE

A

Increase anxiety
Decreased depression

Made in locus ceruleus

41
Q

Diseases with change in dopamine

A

Increase schiz
Decreased in Parkinson’s and depression

Ventral tegmentum and snc

42
Q

Diseases with change in 5-ht

A

Decreased in anxiety and depression

Made in raphe nuc

43
Q

Diseases with change in Ach

A

Decreased in Alzheimer’s and huntingtons
Increase in rem sleep

Made in basal nuc of Meynert

44
Q

Diseases with change in GABA

A

Decreased anxiety and huntingtons

Made in nucleus accumbend from glutamate and you need vit b6

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