Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neurotransmitters > neuro > Flashcards

neuro Flashcards

1
Q

List the catecholominergic neurons.What is the precursor for the neurotransmitters? Where is there function?

A

Tyrosince is the amino acid that is the precursor for dopamine, norepinephreine and epinephrine or adrenaline. The neurons are found in the nervous system, that involves mood, attention and visceral function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the characteristics of a small molecule transmitter?

A
  1. it is systheized in the axon terminal
  2. dervived from food nutrients
  3. relatively fast-acting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List some of the amino acids

A
  1. GLU=glutumate
  2. GABA=gama amino
  3. GLY=glycein
  4. H=hydrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the Amines

A
  1. DA=dopamine
  2. NE=norepinephrine
  3. EP=epinorphine
  4. 5-HT=saratonine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ach

A

actylocholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many groups are there based on chemical composition that classifies neurtransmitters?

A

there are 3.

  1. small molecule transmitters
  2. neuropeptides
  3. transmitter gases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the characteristics of neuropeptide transmitters? and give some examples

A

Characteristics:
made by translation of mRNA from DNA code that occurs in the soma.
also it synthesizes and transports pretty slow.
Examples:
endorphines(pain)
corticosteroids(stress)
oxytocin(mother and infant bonding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the characteristics of transmitter gases and give the types of gases.

A

characteristics:
sysnthesized in many parts of neuron
once it is synthesized it diffuses across membrane and becomes active.
Types:
nitric oxide (NO)
carbon monoxide(CO)
functions: activate the metabolic process in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Iontropic receptor

A

This receptor opens fully and allows ions to go through. when this occurs, it directly changes the electrical and chemical of the cytsol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metabotropic

A

This metabolism of proteins change shape to send a message to a Gprotein which moves to a secondary messengar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens in the Cholinergic System

A

The type of neurotransmitter that is involved with this system is ACH. this system also deals with our motor system, normal walking behavior and memory. IF this system is messed up then Alzheimer’s disease can occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain the Dopaminergic system

A

The type of neurotransmitter that is associated with this system is dopamine. some of the functions are coordinating movement and this also inncorporates that reward and pleasure system. the disorders that are assoctiated with this system are Parkinsons( too little DA) and schizophrenia(too much DA).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Noradrenergic Syetem

A

The type of neurotransmitter that is associated with this system is norepinephrine. The functions of this system is learning, arousal, organizing movements and brain development. The disorders that can occur in this system is depression and mania.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Serotonergic system

A

The type of neurotransmitter that involves this system is serotonin. The functions are wakefulness, learning and the major disorders of this sytem is depression, OCD, schizophrenia sleep apnea and SIDS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the brain organized?

A

In layers,nuclei and pathways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Planes of section

A

pertain the human CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What side of the brain does Alziehmers and epilepsy begin on ?

A

Left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ipsilateral

A

structures that are on the same side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

contralateral

A

structures that are on opposite of each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bilateral

A

structures further away from midline are bilateral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is the pituitary gland mirrored in the brain?

A

no, not a mirror image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Midsagitual cut

A

from the head of the brain to the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Horizontal

A

half of bran at the bottom and half at the top. “horizon”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

coronal

A

half of brain in back and the rest in front.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Afferent

A

Toward the brain structure. (sensory motor info)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Efferent

A

away from brain structure(motor info)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The brain: Bones

A

skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Meninges: 3 layers

A

protective tissues.

  1. dura mater: tough double layer of tissue enclosing the brain.
  2. arachnoid membrane: thin sheet of tissue follows contour of the brain. looks like a spider web.
  3. pia mater: tough tissue things clings on the brain.
29
Q

Cerbral Spinal fluid

A

supports the brain and gives it nutrition.

30
Q

Anterior cerebral artery(ACA)

A

medial and dorsal cortex

31
Q

Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

A

lateral surface of cortex

32
Q

Posterior cerbral Artery (PCA)

A

ventral and posterior surfaces

33
Q

Gray matter

A

includes the capillaries and neuron bodies. also includes species specific sexual behavior, and a pain response modulation.

34
Q

White matter

A

myelin covered axons

35
Q

Reticular matter

A

net like mixtures of cell bodies and axons

36
Q

CNS

A

involves the brain and the spinal cord.nucelus and tract.

37
Q

Substantia

A

a group of related neurons deep within the brain. it less distinct borders than nuclei. ex: substania nigra

38
Q

Locus

A

a small well defined group of cells. ex: locus coerules

39
Q

PNS

A

ganglia and nerves

40
Q

Commisure

A

any connection of an axon on one side of the brain to the other. ex: corpus collusm

41
Q

lemniscus

A

a tract that meanders through the brain like a ribbon.

ex:medial lemniscus. brings touch info from spinal cord through the brain stem

42
Q

Forebrain

A

Lateral, telencephalon, cerbral cortex and involves limbic system. Korbinan Brodman created the numbering system for the brain in 1909.

43
Q

Thalamus

A

third, diencephalon

44
Q

Midbrain

A

cerebral aqueduct, mesencephalon, tectum receives sensory information. tegmentum which is motor related. includes a red nucleus and substantia nigra relates to limb movements.

45
Q

Hindbrain

A

Deals with the pons and cerbellum (metencephalon) which influences walking/sleeping and locomotion. although, the myelencephalon. the medulla is imporant in the hindbrain because of respiration.in the hindbrain there are pyramids that pass on information and pyramidal decussation which help the signal keep going without getting interrupted.

46
Q

myeleencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

47
Q

Bell-Magendie Law

A

goes in the door, then out the vent. so goes into the dorsal and out the ventral.

48
Q

lemniscus

A

a tract that meanders through the brain like a ribbon.

ex:medial lemniscus. brings touch info from spinal cord through the brain stem

49
Q

Forebrain

A

Lateral, telencephalon, cerbral cortex and involves limbic system

50
Q

Thalamus

A

third, diencephalon

51
Q

Fissures

A

large sulci. longiudinal(interhemisperic) lateral/Sylvian, parieto-occipital sulcus and calcarine fissure

52
Q

Cortical lobes

A

frontal=planning morals and motor cortex,parietal=sensory, occipital=vision and temporal=cognition and memory.

53
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata which is in the hindbrain and attached to pons and the spinal cord and the functions are repsiration, heart beat etc

54
Q

Bell-Magendie Law

A

goes in the door, then out the vent. so goes into the dorsal and out the ventral.

55
Q

Disorders in controlling movement

A

degenerate in Parkinson’s, Huntingtons and tourettes disease.

56
Q

sulci

A

aka the trench and the valleys

57
Q

Gyri

A

circle and hills

58
Q

Fissures

A

large sulci. longiudinal(interhemisperic) lateral/Sylvian, parieto-occipital sulcus and calcarine fissure

59
Q

Cortical lobes

A

frontal,parietal,occipital amd temporal.

60
Q

Subcortical structures

A

Basal ganglia-motor planning, initation, smooth movement patterns(sequencing).

61
Q

Stimulus response actions

A

habit learning(reaching to open a book)

62
Q

Disorders in controlling movement

A

degenerate in Parkinson’s, Huntingtons and tourettes disease.

63
Q

Subcortial structires: Telencephalon

A

Limbic structures: deals with motivation emotion and memory.

64
Q

Stuctures that are included in the Limbic system

A

hippocampus involves memory and spatial learning and the cingulate cortex.

65
Q

amygdala and septal area

A

emotion behaviors

66
Q

primary areas

A

motor cortex

67
Q

secondary areas

A

premotor cortex

68
Q

teritary areas

A

brocas areas

neurotransmitters (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions