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Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Drug that causes exacerbation of absence seizures

A

Carbamazepine

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2
Q

Management for absence seizures in young boys

A

Na valproate

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3
Q

Management of absence seizures in reproductive age women

A

Ethosuxmide

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4
Q

EEG finding of absence seizures

A

EEG: bilateral, symmetrical 3Hz spike and wave pattern

→ Interictal epileptiform discharges

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5
Q

Foster-Kennedy syndrome =

A

Frontal lobe tumor

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6
Q

Parietal lobe lesions =

A

Gerstmanns syndrome

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7
Q

Triggered by head changes in elderly patients

A

BPPV

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8
Q

Diagnostic for BPPV

A

Dx= DixHallpike maneuver

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9
Q

used to differentiate between central and peripheral causes of vertigo

A

HINTS exam
I.e
Head impulse
Nystagmus
Test of skew

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10
Q

a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischaemia, without acute infarction

A

TIA

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11
Q

It describes a number of neurological and related symptoms which typically occur following surgery or a minor injury.

A

Complex regional pain syndrome

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12
Q
A
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13
Q
A
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14
Q
A
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15
Q
A
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16
Q

Most common cause of brain abcess

A

Chronic sinusitis

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17
Q

Treatment of brain abcess

A

IV ceftriaxone and metro

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18
Q

Low orexin (hypocretin) levels indicate

A

Narcolepsy

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

Adverse effect of Na valproate

A

Tremor
Weight gain

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21
Q
A
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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Columns affected in SACD

A

dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts and spinocerebellar tracts.

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24
Q

sensory ataxia → gait abnormalities
positive Romberg’s sign

A

spinocerebellar tract involvement in SACD

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25
Q

A CT brain was organized, which demonstrated an intracerebral lesion with an outer hypodense and inner hyperdense rim.

A

Brain abscess

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26
Q

Management for brain abscess

A

IV antibiotics: IV 3rd-generation cephalosporin + metronidazole

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27
Q

intracranial pressure management:

A

dexamethasone

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28
Q

features consistent with raised intracranial pressure

A

nausea
papilloedema
seizures

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29
Q

Most important feature of multiple sclerosis

A

Lethargy/fatigue

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30
Q

Occlusion of post inf cerebellar artery

A

Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome)

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31
Q

the treatment for cerebral toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine

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31
Q

First line for myoclonic seizures

A

Na valproate

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32
Q

First line of treatment for focal seizures and tonic clonic seizures

A

Carbamazepine

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33
Q

MOA of topiramate

A

It works by enhancing GABAergic activity and blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.

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34
Q

Structure associated with hemiballisim

A

Subthalamic nucleus

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35
Q

Structure associated with Parkinson’s

A

Substantial nigra

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36
Q
A

Substantia nigra

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37
Q

First line for focal seizures

A

Lamotrigine
levi

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38
Q

First line treatment for essential tremor

A

Propranolol and if CI then primidone

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39
Q

Safest anti epileptics in pregnancy

A

Levi and Lamotrigine

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40
Q

Treatment for migraines in pregnancy

A

Para 1g is first line
NSAIDS can be second line
Avoid aspirin and opioids such as codeine during pregnancy

41
Q

_______ are the first-line treatments for spasticity in multiple sclerosis.

A

Baclofen and gabapentin

42
Q

Triad of urinary incontinence, gait disorder,dementia

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

43
Q

Management for normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

Ventriculoperitoneal shunting

44
Q

Lead pipe rigidity
Pyrexia
Autonomic lability
Raised CK

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

46
Q

The combination of falls, alcohol excess, fluctuating episodes of confusion and focal neurology points towards a diagnosis of

A

Subdural haemorrhage

47
Q

Signs of raised ICP

A

Cushing Triad
hypertension
bradycardia
Bradypnea

48
Q

On CT crescentic collection, not limited by suture lines.

50
Q

Vasospasm in SAH treated with

A

Oral nimodipine

51
Q

The presentation of headaches and bilateral papilloedema (blurred optic discs) without focal neurological signs, normal blood pressure, and absence of fever in an obese young woman is classical for

A

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

52
Q

Difficulty in initiating movement (bradykinesia), postural instability and unilateral symptoms (initially) are typical of

A

Parkinsons

53
Q
A

Parkinson’s

54
Q

recurrent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the affected ear

A

Meniere disease

55
Q

Nystagmus and positive Romberg test

A

Meniere disease

56
Q

Ophthalmoplegia, areflexia and ataxia

A

Miller Fisher

57
Q

anti-GQ1b antibodies are present

A

Miller fisher syndrome

58
Q

Inclusion bodies in motor neurones

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a type of motor neurone disease

59
Q

First line for MG

A

Pyridostigmine

60
Q

Disturbed CSF flow causes

A

Non communicating hydrocephalus
syringomyelia

61
Q

Drug for muscle spasticity

A

Baclofen
(GABA agonist)

62
Q

Lesion of PICA

A

Lateral medullary syndrome

63
Q

Lesion of AICA

A

Lateral pontine syndrome

64
Q

by conductive hearing loss, tinnitus and positive family history

A

Otosclerosis

65
Q

Rinne test positive

A

AC > BC
Seen in normal and sensorineural hearing loss

68
Q

sound lateralizes towards the contralateral normal ear during the Weber test.
Tinnitus
Aural fulness
Vertigo

A

Meniere disease

69
Q

First line for status epileptic is in hospital setting

A

I/V lorazepam

70
Q

Seizures continues for more than 25min

A

I/V Levi or pheno or Na valproate started and contact ICU

71
Q

Artery involved in locked in syndrome

A

Basilar artery

72
Q

Treatment for JME

A

Na valproate
Lifelong

73
Q

Management for IIH

A

weight loss
Acetazolamide

74
Q

locked-in syndrome, pure motor hemiparesis, sensorimotor deficits, ataxic hemiparesis and more rarely dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome.

A

Pontine syndrome

75
Q

vertigo, dizziness, nystagmus, ataxias and sometimes mild hemiparesis. Artery involved

A

Superior cerebellar

76
Q

Episodic eye pain, lacrimation, nasal stuffiness occurring daily

A

Cluster headache

77
Q

facial pain that lasts for seconds to minutes and is triggered by specific activities such as talking or chewing

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

78
Q

it can cause severe headache and red eye, it would also present with other symptoms such as blurred vision, halos around lights, and a fixed mid-dilated pupil.
Pain is continuous

A

Angle closure glaucoma

79
Q

Initial treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

83
Q

Mitochondrial disorder

A

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy,

84
Q

Management for essential tremor

A

Propranolol

85
Q

First line treatment for restless leg syndrome

A

Dopamine agonists pramipixole,rolinirone

86
Q

gold standard test where cervical myelopathy is suspected.

A

MRI of cervical spine

87
Q

Absence seizures disrupt which pathway

A

Thalamocortical pathways

89
Q

MC complication of meningitis by frame negative diplococci

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

90
Q

SDH on CT

A

isodense crescent-shaped collection
Biconvex

91
Q

Acute attack of Meniere disease

A

Prochloroperazine

92
Q

Prevention of Meniere diseases by

A

Betahistone

93
Q

The progressive confusion seen here with memory loss, lymphocytosis and a moderate elevation of CRP, following a flu like illness, fits well with a diagnosis of
CT shows temporal lobe changes

A

Herpes encephalitis

95
Q

Ehosuximide blocks what kind of channels

A

T type calcium channels

96
Q

Rapid onset dementia
Myoclonus

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

97
Q

CT findings of cerebral malaria along with travel history or immunosuppression

A

diffuse brain swelling or small punctate white matter lesions.

98
Q

Urinary incontinence + gait abnormality + dementia

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

99
Q

CI of Triptan use

A

Cardiovascular diseases

RCP (5 decks)

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