Infectious Flashcards
Features of malabsorption
Diarrhea
Steatorrhea
Weight loss
Hib involved in
Acute epiglottitis
Acute exacerbation of COPD
Pneumonia
Diff between amoebesis and giardasis
A: long incubation period with bloody diarrhea
G: long incubation period with non bloody diarrhea and malabsorption features
Treatment of amoebesis and giardasis
Metronidazole or tinidazole for 7 days
Investigation for amoebesis
Stool microscopy (hot stool)
Investigation for amebic liver abcess
ultrasound (gold standard)
serology is positive in > 95%
Anchovy sauce
amebic liver abcess
Organism common for dog bite
Pasteurella multocida.
painless black aschar
Anthrax
Organism involved in acute epiglottitis
Hib
Bacillus anthracis is gram ____
gram positive rod
Woolsorters disease
Anthrax
tripartite protein toxin
bacillus anthracis
Cell wall synthesis inhibition
penicillin and cephalosporin
DNA synthesis inhibitor
Quinolones
Metronidazole
Sulphonamide
trimethoprim
RNa synthesis inhibitor
rifampicin
cardiac adverse effect of macrolide
prolongation of QT interval
Antiviral CI in asthmatics
Zanamivir (cause it caues bronchospasm)
first line in influenza (antiviral)
Oseltamivir
Alternate: Genamivir
Treatment for acute prostitis
Quinoles (ciprofloxacilin) first line
Trimethoprim
Treatment for impetigo
Topical fuscidic acid
Treatment for cellulitis and eryspelias
Flucloxacillin
Cellulitis near eye
co amoxiclav
when co amoxiclav cant be given
doxy + metro in case of human bite
Salmonella and shigellosis
Ciprofloxacilin
1st line for lower UTI
Nitrofurantoin
if eGFR < 45ml : pipmysellenium
2nd line: fosfomycin
and when eGFR <15ml/min : only fosfomycin
Treatment for chlamydia
Doxycyclin
And if pregnant: Azithromycin
Syphilis treatment
long acting benzthine penicillin
Bacterial vaginosis treatment
oral or topical metronidazole
SIDE EFFECT OF CHLORAMPHENICOL
APLSTIC ANEMIA
Side effect of clindamycin
c.defficile diarrhea
Side effect of tetracyclin
discolouration of teeth and photosensitivity
Antiviral containdicated in asthmatics
Genamivir
xray showing fungal ball cavity with crescent sign
Aspergilloma
treatment for aspergilloma
Oral steroids
2nd line: oral antifungal
Gardenella vaginalis is gram ____
gram positive coccobacilli
Microscopy showing clue cells
bacterial vaginosis
positive whiff test
Bacterial vaginosis
CI for BCG vaccine
previous BCG vaccination
a past history of tuberculosis
HIV
pregnancy
positive tuberculin test (Heaf or Mantoux)
Any immunosuppressive condition
patient usually fully conscious with no sensory disturbance
flaccid paralysis
diplopia
ataxia
bulbar palsy
Botulism
Unpasturized milk
brucellosis
Treatment for c.jejuni
clarithomycin
C.jejuni is gram ____
gram negative bacillus
Organism involved in chancroid
h.ducreye
Treatment for chancroid
Doxycyclin
Complication of chicken pox
Necrotizing fascitis
Chickenpox spreads via which route
respiratory
Initially macular then papular then vesicular (MPV)
CHICKEN POC RASH
Koplik spots is pathognomic of
Measles
most common complication of mumps
male : orchitis
hand foot mouth disease
coxsackie A16 virus
investigation of choice for chlamydia
NAAT
Red inclusion bodies on pap smear
Chlamydia
Virus responsible for croup
parainfluenza virus
barking cough with stridor
croup
cholera is gram ____
negative
Red cysts on acid fast stain
cryptosporidum
Treatment for cryptosporidium
Nitazoxanide (first line)
Rifaximin (second line)
Diarrhea in immunocompromised patients
Cryptosporidiasis
Treatment for cutaneous larva migrans
topical albendazole or ivermectin
CMV with organ involvement
IV ganciclovir
CMV with no serious infection or no organ involvement
oral valganciclovir
pizza retina on fundoscopy
CMV retinitis
ANy biopsy of CMV shows
inclusion bodies
Discharge criteria for dengue patient
stable hematocrit count
maculopapular rash sparing palms and soles
fever
retro orbital pain
Myalgias, bone pain, arthralgia
facial flushing
Dengue
Labs for dengue
Thrombocytopenia +/- Leukopenia
raised aminotransferases
warning signs for dengue
abdominal pain
hepatomegaly
persistent vomiting
clinical fluid accumulation (ascites, pleural effusion)
Cardiac complication of diphtheria
Heart block
Neurological compliaction of diphtheria
cranial nerve palsy
treatment for diphtheria
I/M penicillin
Diphtheria antitoxin
single stranded DNA virus
Parvovirus
Parvo virus results in what anemia
Aplastic anemia
pancytopenia in addition to sickle cell anemia
cancer caused by HPC
Cervical cancer
Anal cancer
Treatment for non salmonella typhi gastroenteritis
ciprofloxacin
most common organism for acute osteomyelitis
s.aureus
chronic osteomyelitis
organism of TB
rose spots:
present on the trunk in 40% of patients, and are more common in paratyphoid
most common cause of adult viral meningitis
enterovirus
Enterovirus is single stranded positive RNA virus (True or False)
True
Scarlet fever
streptococcus pyogenes
Ecoli asssociated with HUS
O157:H7
Exotoxins produced by
gram positive bacteria
Endotoxins produced by
gram negative bacteria
Gas gangrene
Clostridium perfringes
Scalded skin syndrome
S.aureus
Whooping cough
Bortadella pertussis
Bloody diarrhea + renal impairment
Campylobacter
Most common cause of gastroenteritis in adults
norovirus
Acute infection of hep C diagnosed by
HCV RNA
Treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis
IV genicicilovir
Alternate: IV foscarnet or cidofovir
is the most common infective cause of diarrhoea in HIV patients
Cryptosporidium
HIV+diarrhea+CD4 count is less than 50. organism involved is
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Vaccines contraindicated in HIV patients
live vaccines
Cholera CVD103-HgR
Influenza-intranasal
Poliomyelitis-oral (OPV)
Tuberculosis (BCG)
Dermatological condition commonly seen in HIV patients
Kaposi sarcoma
Treatment : radiotherapy and resection
Toxoplasmosis treatment in immunocompromised
Combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
Which plasmodium associated with nephrotic sydrome
P.malariae
initial empirical therapy, for bacterial meningitis
IV ceftriaxone
Meningitis caused by listeria
IV amoxicillin and gentamicin
Meningococcal meningitis treatment
IV benzylpenicillin
MRI findings of toxoplasmosis gondii
discrete ring-enhancing lesions
soap bubble appearance on MRI in immunocompromised
Cryptococcus neoformans
First line for tonsillitis
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Swimmers itch
Schistosomiasis
Katyama fever
Acute symptoms typically only develop in people who travel to endemic areas, as they don’t have any immunity to the worms.
Acute manifestations may include:
swimmers’ itch
acute schistosomiasis syndrome
fever
urticaria/angioedema
arthralgia/myalgia
cough
diarrhoea
eosinophilia
Gastroenreritis after a foreign travel
Campylobacter
Pathognomic for strongyloides
Larva currens
First line for strongyloides
Ivermectin
Second line : Albendazole
Cardiomyopathy is the most frequent and most severe manifestation of chronic
Chagas’ disease
Diagnostic test of choice for liogenella
Urinary antigen
Lab finding of leoginella along with flu like symptoms and b/l chest infiltrates
Hyponatremia
Treatment for lioginella
Erythromycin/clarithromycin
Diagnostic for mycoplasma pneumonia
Serology
Moraxella can xause
COPD
Middle ear infection
Sinusitis
HIV patients with normal auscultation and pathology on CXR and clinically. Organism responsible
PCP
Triad of PCP
Dry cough
Fever
Progressive dyspnea
Kaposi sarcoma caused by
HHV 8
MAC treated by
REM
rifampicin+ethambutol+clarithromycin
when does cerebral TB occurs in regards of CD4 count
when CD4 count is less than 50
HIV associated neurological complication
Toxoplasmosis (more common)
CNS Lymphoma
CNS lymphoma a/s with what virus
EBV
most common fungal infection of CNS
Cryptococcus
India Ink positive in LP
Cryptococcus
high opening pressure
elevated protein
reduced glucose
normally a lymphocyte predominance but in HIV white cell count many be normal
India ink test positive
cryptococcal findings on LP
widespread demyelinating lesion in HIV
PML
PML caused by reactivation of which virus
JC virus affecting oligodendrocytes
most common complication with PCP
pneumothorax due to rupture of pulmonary cyst
HIV+chest symptoms+ unremarkable auscultatory findings + bibbasal opacification + presence of pneumatocele
PCPr
prophylaxis of PCP
co trimaxazole
pcp with hypoxia treatment
add steroid with cotromaxazole
most common opportunistic infection in AIDS
PCP
first-line test for HIV screening
p24
HPV 6 and 11
genital warts
HPV 16 and 18
anal and cervical cancer
causes of cervical cancer
HPV, smoking, combined oral contraceptive pill use and high parity.
gram positive cocci with coagulase positive and present in clusters
S. saprophyticus
Drug related to IRIS
didanosine
Glandular fever
Infectious mononucleosis
cause of infectious mononeuleosis
EBV most common
Cytomegalovirus
HHV 6
classic triad of sore throat, pyrexia, LN involvement
Infectious mononucleosis
palatal petechiae
infectious mononucleosis
atypical lymphocytes is pathognomic of
infectious mononucleosis
CT Scan findings of japanese encephalitis
hypodensity of basal ganglia and thalamus
treatment for leoginella
levofloxacin
Azithromycin
investigation of choice for lioginella
urinary antigen
treatment for mycoplasma
doxycycline
azithromycin
bites of sandflies.
leshminiasis
grey skin , black sickness
visceral leshminia
treatment for visceral leshminiasis
sodium stibogluconate, an organic pentavalent antimony compound
amphotericin B can be added with it
infectious thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.
lemerries syndrome
most common risk factor for lemeirres syndrome
peritonsillar abcess
complication of lemierre syndrome
Septic pulmonary emboli
skin hypopigmentation + sensory loss
leprosy
confirmatory investigation for leprosy
skin biopsy
triple therapy for leprosy
rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine
(CDR)
Rat urine
Leptospirosis
severe leptospirosis
weils disease
leptospirosis treatment
benzylpenicillin or doxycycline
adverse effect of linezolid
thrombocytopenia
Complications of typhoid
Meningitis
Cholecystitis
GI bleed
Osteomyelitis
bilateral conjunctival suffusion is a distinguishing feature of .
leptospirosis
Kopliks spots
Measles
rash which appears on the abdomen which then spreads to the back and limbs. Sore throat is usually a prominent symptom and cough generally is not a feature. A ‘strawberry tongue’ may be visible
Scarlet fever
Rash seen in measles
Maculopapular
Most common complication of measles
Otitis media
Most common cause of death in measles
Pneumonia
Gold standard for diagnosis of malaria
Blood film
red cell agglutination on blood film analysis
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Complication of chagas disease
Heart failure
Antibiotics used in treatment of MRSA
vancomycin
teicoplanin
linezolid
thrombocythaemia is characteristic of
Malaria
Pruritic rash on the buttocks or soles ?
Strongyloides stercoralis
Drugs for treating MRSA infection
Vancomycin
Tigecyclin
low glucose, high protein, high polymorph on LP
Meningitis caused by strep pneumonia
Altitude sickness drug
Acetazolamide
Drugs involved in causing MRSA
Ciprofloxacin
Treatment of meningitis in 3 months to 6o years old
Ceftriaxone
Fluctuating temperatures
transient arthralgia and myalgia,
hyperhidrosis with a ‘wet hay’ smell
Brucella
exposure to flea bites in a plague endemic area and fixed temperature
Yersinia pestis
Best test for diagnosis of brucellosis
serology
Treatment for brucella
doxycycline and streptomycin
exposure to flea bites in a plague endemic area
wucherera gondi
