Neuro

Question 1

Bulbar palsy
- nsaids

Answer 1

N - nasal regurgitation
S - slurring of speech
A - aspiration of liquids
I - inability to handle secretion
D - dysphonia, dysphagia, disarthria, difficully in chewing

Question 2

Ix of spastic paraparesis

Answer 2

Mri spine + brain (rule out compression, compression)
Emg (identify neuropathy)
Nerve conduction study
Lumbar puncture
Visual evoke potential
Antibodies (oligoclonal band, serum aquaoporin 4- multiple sclerosis)
Fundoscopy + genetic studies ( fredrick ataxia)

Question 3

Pure spasticity
No weakness

Answer 3

Hereditary spastic paraplegic

Question 4

Spastic paraparesis

Answer 4

Umn weakness (hypertonia, hyperflexia, ankle clonus, extensor plantar response)
Wasting
Contracture

Question 5

Spastic paraparesis + spinothalamic loss (reduce pain and temperature)

Answer 5

Syringomyelia
Anterior spinal artery infaction