Abdomen

Question 1

Causes of end stage renal disease

Answer 1

Polycystic kidney disease
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis

Question 2

Barrier to kidney transplantation

Answer 2

Severe obesity
Active or recent malignancy
Ongoing deep seated infection
Active vasculitis

Question 3

Long term effect of immunosuppresion

Answer 3

Infection
Malignancy, skin malignancy
Steroids : thinning of skin, easy bruising, Cushingnoid apperancmd
Cyclosporine : gingival hyperplasia and renal impairment
Tacrolimus : tremor, new onset diabetes

Question 4

Crohn’s Disease

Answer 4

Transmural disease
Non casseating granuloma
Fistula and fissuring
Non - bloody diarrhea
Weight loss
Abdominal pain
Peri anal disease - ulcer, skin tag
Extra - intestinal manifestation
Complications : small bowel cancer, colorectal ca, osteoporosis

Question 5

Extra intestinal manifestation of crohn’s disease

Answer 5

A - Arthritis
C - Clubbing
E - Episcleritis, erythema nodosum,
P - Pyoderma gangrenosum, primary sclerosing cholangitis
O - Osteoporosis, oral ulcer

Question 6

Investigation of crohn’s disease

Answer 6

Fbc
Raised Crp
Raised Esr
Low B12 and vitamin d
Faecal calprotectin
X Ray : rose thorn apperance
Colonoscopy : cobblestone appearance, deep ulcer, skip lesion, fistula