Neuro Flashcards
What is the Hunt and Hess clinical grading scale for grade 1?
Asymptomatic or minimal headache and slight nuchal rigidity
This grade indicates no significant neurological impairment.
What characterizes grade 2 of the Hunt and Hess grading scale?
Moderate to severe headache, nuchal rigidity, ± cranial nerve palsy only 6th and 3 rd
Patients may experience significant discomfort but retain some cognitive function.
What symptoms are associated with grade 3 of the Hunt and Hess grading scale?
Drowsy, confusion, or mild focal deficit
This grade indicates a more serious condition requiring immediate attention.
What are the characteristics of grade 4 in the Hunt and Hess grading scale?
Stupor, moderate to severe hemiparesis, possibly early decerebrate rigidity
Patients at this grade require intensive monitoring and intervention.
What does grade 5 of the Hunt and Hess grading scale indicate?
Deep coma, decerebrate rigidity, moribund appearance
This grade reflects critical condition with a high risk of mortality.
What is the GCS score for grade 1 in the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Clinical Grading Scale?
15
A GCS score of 15 indicates full consciousness.
What is the GCS score for grades 2 and 3 in the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Clinical Grading Scale?
13-14
Indicates a mild to moderate level of impairment.
What is the GCS score for grade 4 in the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Clinical Grading Scale?
7-12
This range suggests significant impairment and potential for recovery.
What is the GCS score for grade 5 in the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Clinical Grading Scale?
3-6
This score indicates a severe level of impairment and a poor prognosis.
What does the Fisher grading scale assess?
Appearance of SAH on Computed Tomography
SAH stands for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
What Fisher grade corresponds to ‘Diffuse SAH with vertical layers < 1 mm thick’?
Grade2
Indicates a good outcome with minimal complications.
What Fisher grade is assigned to ‘Localized clots and/or vertical layers of SAH > 1 mm thick’?
GRADE3
This grade suggests a more complex and concerning condition.
Fill in the blank: The GCS score for a patient in a deep coma is _______.
3-6
True or False: A GCS score of 15 indicates a patient is in a deep coma.
False
A GCS score of 15 indicates full consciousness.
What is the Spetzler-Martin grading system used for?
It is used to evaluate arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the brain.
The grading system helps in determining the treatment approach and predicting outcomes.
What is the point value for a small nidus size (<3 cm) in the Spetzler-Martin grading system?
1
Nidus size is a key factor in evaluating the complexity of the AVM.
What point value is assigned to a medium nidus size (3-6 cm)?
2
## Footnote
This reflects an increase in the complexity and potential risk associated with the AVM.
What point value is assigned to a large nidus size (>6 cm)?
3
Larger nidus sizes indicate a more complicated AVM, leading to a lower grading score.
How does the grading system classify eloquence of adjacent brain?
It classifies as either noneloquent or eloquent.
Eloquent areas include sensorimotor, language, visual, thalamus, hypothalamus, internal capsule, brainstem, cerebellar peduncles, and deep cerebellar nuclei.
What point value is given for noneloquent adjacent brain?
0
Noneloquent areas are deemed less critical for essential functions.
What point value is assigned if the adjacent brain is eloquent?
1
Eloquent brain areas are crucial for various functions, increasing risk during treatment.
What pattern of venous drainage is considered in the Spetzler-Martin grading system?
It evaluates whether the drainage is superficial only or deep.
The pattern influences the complexity of the AVM.
What is the point value for superficial only venous drainage?
0
Superficial drainage implies a less complex venous system.
What point value is assigned to deep venous drainage?
1
Deep drainage indicates a more complex venous system, affecting surgical considerations.
Fill in the blank: A medium nidus size is classified as ______.
3-6 cm
True or False: The Spetzler-Martin grading system assigns a higher score for eloquent adjacent brain areas.
True
