Neuro

Question 1

What is the Hunt and Hess clinical grading scale for grade 1?

Answer 1

Asymptomatic or minimal headache and slight nuchal rigidity

This grade indicates no significant neurological impairment.

Question 2

What characterizes grade 2 of the Hunt and Hess grading scale?

Answer 2

Moderate to severe headache, nuchal rigidity, ± cranial nerve palsy only 6th and 3 rd

Patients may experience significant discomfort but retain some cognitive function.

Question 3

What symptoms are associated with grade 3 of the Hunt and Hess grading scale?

Answer 3

Drowsy, confusion, or mild focal deficit

This grade indicates a more serious condition requiring immediate attention.

Question 4

What are the characteristics of grade 4 in the Hunt and Hess grading scale?

Answer 4

Stupor, moderate to severe hemiparesis, possibly early decerebrate rigidity

Patients at this grade require intensive monitoring and intervention.

Question 5

What does grade 5 of the Hunt and Hess grading scale indicate?

Answer 5

Deep coma, decerebrate rigidity, moribund appearance

This grade reflects critical condition with a high risk of mortality.

Question 6

What is the GCS score for grade 1 in the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Clinical Grading Scale?

Answer 6

15

A GCS score of 15 indicates full consciousness.

Question 7

What is the GCS score for grades 2 and 3 in the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Clinical Grading Scale?

Answer 7

13-14

Indicates a mild to moderate level of impairment.

Question 8

What is the GCS score for grade 4 in the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Clinical Grading Scale?

Answer 8

7-12

This range suggests significant impairment and potential for recovery.

Question 9

What is the GCS score for grade 5 in the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Clinical Grading Scale?

Answer 9

3-6

This score indicates a severe level of impairment and a poor prognosis.

Question 10

What does the Fisher grading scale assess?

Answer 10

Appearance of SAH on Computed Tomography

SAH stands for subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Question 11

What Fisher grade corresponds to ‘Diffuse SAH with vertical layers < 1 mm thick’?

Answer 11

Grade2

Indicates a good outcome with minimal complications.

Question 12

What Fisher grade is assigned to ‘Localized clots and/or vertical layers of SAH > 1 mm thick’?

Answer 12

GRADE3

This grade suggests a more complex and concerning condition.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The GCS score for a patient in a deep coma is _______.

Answer 13

3-6

Question 14

True or False: A GCS score of 15 indicates a patient is in a deep coma.

Answer 14

False

A GCS score of 15 indicates full consciousness.

Question 15

What is the Spetzler-Martin grading system used for?

Answer 15

It is used to evaluate arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the brain.

The grading system helps in determining the treatment approach and predicting outcomes.

Question 16

What is the point value for a small nidus size (<3 cm) in the Spetzler-Martin grading system?

Answer 16

1

Nidus size is a key factor in evaluating the complexity of the AVM.

Question 17

What point value is assigned to a medium nidus size (3-6 cm)?

Answer 17

2
## Footnote

This reflects an increase in the complexity and potential risk associated with the AVM.

Question 18

What point value is assigned to a large nidus size (>6 cm)?

Answer 18

3

Larger nidus sizes indicate a more complicated AVM, leading to a lower grading score.

Question 19

How does the grading system classify eloquence of adjacent brain?

Answer 19

It classifies as either noneloquent or eloquent.

Eloquent areas include sensorimotor, language, visual, thalamus, hypothalamus, internal capsule, brainstem, cerebellar peduncles, and deep cerebellar nuclei.

Question 20

What point value is given for noneloquent adjacent brain?

Answer 20

0

Noneloquent areas are deemed less critical for essential functions.

Question 21

What point value is assigned if the adjacent brain is eloquent?

Answer 21

1

Eloquent brain areas are crucial for various functions, increasing risk during treatment.

Question 22

What pattern of venous drainage is considered in the Spetzler-Martin grading system?

Answer 22

It evaluates whether the drainage is superficial only or deep.

The pattern influences the complexity of the AVM.

Question 23

What is the point value for superficial only venous drainage?

Answer 23

0

Superficial drainage implies a less complex venous system.

Question 24

What point value is assigned to deep venous drainage?

Answer 24

1

Deep drainage indicates a more complex venous system, affecting surgical considerations.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: A medium nidus size is classified as ______.

Answer 25

3-6 cm

Question 26

True or False: The Spetzler-Martin grading system assigns a higher score for eloquent adjacent brain areas.

Answer 26

True