Esophageal Perforation Pf Zargar

Question 1

What does Grade 0 in the Zargar classification indicate?

Answer 1

Normal

This grade represents a normal condition without any observed injuries.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of Grade 1 in the Zargar classification?

Answer 2

Edema and erythema of the mucosa

This grade shows mild inflammation of the mucosal surface.

Question 3

Describe the findings for Grade 2A in the Zargar classification.

Answer 3

Hemorrhage, erosions, blisters, superficial ulcers

This grade indicates more significant mucosal damage.

Question 4

What distinguishes Grade 2B from Grade 2A in the Zargar classification?

Answer 4

Circumferential lesions

Grade 2B indicates lesions that encircle the esophagus.

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Grade 3A in the Zargar classification?

Answer 5

Focal deep gray or brownish-black ulcers

This grade indicates deeper and more serious ulceration.

Question 6

Describe the findings for Grade 3B in the Zargar classification.

Answer 6

Extensive deep gray or brownish-black ulcers

This grade shows widespread and severe ulceration.

Question 7

What does Grade 4 in the Zargar classification indicate?

Answer 7

Perforation

This is the most severe grade, indicating a hole in the esophagus.

Question 8

What is the management strategy for Grade I to IIA caustic injury?

Answer 8

In-hospital observation for 24-48 hours, gradual progression of diet

This approach allows for monitoring and gradual recovery.

Question 9

What management is required for Grade IIB caustic injury?

Answer 9

Close monitoring/ICU admission, endoscopically guided nasoenteric feeding tube insertion, maintain NPO for 2-3 days

This grade requires more intensive medical care.

Question 10

What is the management protocol for Grade IIIA and IIIB injuries?

Answer 10

Close monitoring/ICU admission, maintain NPO for 2-3 days, in-hospital monitoring for at least 1 week

Extended monitoring is crucial for recovery in these grades.