Neuro

Question 1

Functions of CSF? How much do we have?

Answer 1

Cerebrospinal Fluid: 80-150mL

-circulation
-homeostatic
-mechanical & chemical protection

Question 2

GCS max & min score?
When are we concerned?

Answer 2

Max: 15
Min: 3

Moderate: 9-12
Severe: <8

Question 3

What is resting membrane potential?

Answer 3

-70mV

Question 4

Difference between white & grey matter?

Answer 4

White is mylenated for fast transport connecting between areas

Grey is not ex.cerebral cortex(outside of brain)

Question 5

What are the 3 tract types of white matter?

Answer 5

-commissural
-associated
-projection

Question 6

Describe how the nervous system is classified?

Answer 6

-CNS(brain and spinal) & PNS

Within PNS:
-somatic (voluntary)
-enteric (involuntary)
-autonomic (involuntary)

Within autonomic:
-sympathetic (fight/flight)
-parasympathetic (rest/digest)

Question 7

What parts of brain make up diencephalon?

Answer 7

-thalamus (sensory, impulse relay)
-hypothalamus (hr, pituitary, temp)
-pineal (melatonin)

Question 8

List cranial nerves

Hint: o o o to touch and feel very green vegetables A H !

Answer 8

1: olfactory
2: optic
3: oculomotor
4: trochlear
5: trigeminal
6: abducens
7: facial
8: vestibulocochlear
9: glossopharyngeal
10: vagus
11: accessory
12: hypoglossal

Question 9

Which cranial nerves are sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 9

Helpful Hint: some say money matters but my brother says big boobs matter more

Question 10

Which cranial nerves have to do with the eyes?

Answer 10

2 (vision)
3, 4, 6 (muscles)

Question 11

Which cranial nerve affects heart rhythm (amongst many other things)?

Answer 11

10: Vagus

Question 12

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 12

Cervical: 8 (though only 7 vertebrae)
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 5
Coccygeal: 1

Question 13

In which space is CSF found?

Answer 13

Subarachnoid space (below arachnoid, above pia)

Question 14

What are the protective layers around the CNS?

Answer 14

From superficial to deep:
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia

Question 15

Afferent vs. Efferent neurons?

Answer 15

Afferent: sensory, enter cord posteriorly

Efferent: motor, exit cord anteriorly to effectors(glands, muscles)

Question 16

Describe GSC?

Answer 16

Glasgow Coma Scale

Eye response:
4: spontaneous
3: sound
2: pressure
1: none

Verbal response:
5: oriented
4: confused
3: words
2: sounds
1: none

Motor response:
6: obey commands
5: localizes pain
4: normal flexion
3: abnormal flex
2: extension
1: none

Question 17

Parts of midbrain from superior to inferior?

Answer 17

-Midbrain
-Pons(lump connected to Cerebellum)
-Medulla Oblongata
-Brain Stem

Question 18

Difference between cluster and tension headache?

Answer 18

Cluster: periorbital, thunderclap

Tension: photophobia, bilateral, can last days

Know which one is associated by gender.

Question 19

Define dermatome?

Answer 19

Area of skin/tissue innervated by a spinal nerve