Neuro Flashcards
Demyelintation ddx
- acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM, teen 2wk post viral inf, 5% post vaccination)
- neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD, AQP4 IgG)
- multiple sclerosis
- osmotic demyelination (rapid Na correction typical round/trident lesion central pons)
- post traumatic (focal, relevant history)
Intramedullary expansile spinal cord lesion ddx
- tumors
– astrocytoma
– ependymoma (hemosiderin cap)
– pilocytic astrocytoma (most common pediatric)
**- demyelination **(open ring of enhancement; T2 high signal does not extend beyond)
– MS (multiple short lesions in time and space, <50% cord transverse area)
– transverse myelitis (longer lesion, variable enhancement)
- infarction
- other
– syrinx
Long spinal cord lesions ddx
- neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)
- myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)
- acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- neurosarcoidosis, Sjögren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Behçet disease (vasculitis)
- paraneoplastic myelitis (e.g. anti-CRMP-5, anti-amphiphysin, anti-Hu)
- post-infectious/infectious (eg HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, poliomyelitis, tuberculous myelopathy)
-spinal cord infarction - spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF)
Cortical cystic tumor ddx
P-DOG
- pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
- DNET
- oligodendroglioma
- ganglioglioma
Low lying conus ddx
- myxopapillary ependymoma
- fatty filum terminale
- diastomyatomyelia with bony bar
- adhesions eg from surgical repair of open spinal dysraphism, trauma, infection, inflammation)
- dermoid/epidermoid tumors
Posterior vertebral body scalloping ddx
mass
- myxopapillary ependymoma
- astrocytoma
- paraganglioma
- neurofibroma
- schwannoma
- dermoid/epidermoid
Dural ectasia
- NF1
- Marfan syndrome
- Ehler-Danlos
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- Loeys-Dietz
Skeletal
- achondroplasia
- mucopolysaccharidoses (Hurler/Morquio)
- acromegaly
