Pediatrics

Question 1

Cloverleaf skull ddx

Answer 1

• thanatophoric dysplasia
• Apert syndrome (brachycephaly, syndactyly
• Crouzon syndrome (brachycephaly, 1st arch structures maxilla/mandible hypoplasia, hydrocephalus, Chiari 1, coarctation, rhizomelia short central bones, exophthalmos)

Question 2

Agenesis of the corpus callosum associations

Answer 2

• Dandy-Walker spectrum
• hydrocephalus
• Chiari Il malformations
• encephaloceles
• porencephaly
• holoprosencephaly
• polymicrogyria
• trisomy 13, 15, and 18

Question 3

Double bubble sign ddx

Answer 3

• duodenal atresia
• annular pancreas
• obstruction by Ladd’s bands
• midgut volvulus
  additional imaging evaluation with upper GI series is needed if the patient has a noncharacteristic clinical presentation.