Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Test 3 PC1 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Role of APRN in HA and face pain

A 
accurately dx
rule out secondary causes
recognize red flags
provide acute management
assist with HA prevention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HA

A

most common pain problem seen in family practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primary HA

A

Benign
Recurrent
NOT associated with underlying patho
The HA is the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of primary HA

A

Migraine with or without aura
Tention type HA
Cluster HA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secondary HA

A

sudden
progressive
associated with pathology
may require immediate action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Patho of Secondary HA

A 
Aneurysms
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Thunder clap HA
Meningitis
Stroke
Carotodynia
Temporal Arteritis
HTN
Sinus
TMJ
Trigeminal Neuralgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Worrisone Red Flags of HA “SNOOP”

A 
S: systemic symptoms or diease
N: neurological signs/symptoms
O: onset sudden
O: onset before 5 or after 50
P: patterns change from prior HA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Characteristics of migraine

A 
unilateral
moderate/severe intensity
lasts 4-72 hours
throbbing quality
associated symptoms
females
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of tension-type HA

A 
bilateral
mild/mod intensity
lasts 30 min to 7 days
pressure/tightening quality
no associated symptoms
females
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Characteristics of cluster HA

A 
strictly unilateral
severe intensity
last 15-90 minutes
severe quality
associated symptoms
males
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

To Dx migraine with an aura

A

must have 2 attacks with the following criteria:
fully reversible visual, sensory, speech deficits
homonymous visual symptoms
aura developing over 5 mintues
each symptom lasts 5-60 minutes
not attributed to another disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To Dx migraine without aura

A 
must have 5 attacks with the following:
HA lasting 4-72 hours
unilateral, pulsating, mod pain, aggravation by physical activity
N/V
Photophobia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tension type HA Criteria

A 
At least 10 episodes occuring < 1 day/month with:
HA lasting 30min-7days
Bilateral
pressing/tightening quality
not aggravated by physical activity
No N/V
only one of photophobia or phonophobia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cluster HA Criteria

A 
Deep pain around eyes or temporal
NO throbbing
Nightly occurrence
6-12 wks at a time
can have facial sweating, eyelid edema, conjunctival injection, ptosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chronic daily HA in children

A

HA persists >2 h and occurs > 15 days/month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Increased intracranial pressure in children

A 
chronic or intermittent
increasing frequency
progressive severity
occipital
neuro signs (papilledema)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Facial pain

A 
most adults
female
unilateral or bilateral
paroxysmal remissions or constant
may be triggered by slight touch, wind, speaking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reasons for facial pain

A 
trigeminal neuralgia
postherpetic neuralgia
TMJ
dental pain
sinusitis
glaucoma
angina pectoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tx for Migraine

A 
NSAIDS
Triptans, Ergotamine, Dihydroergotamine
rescue medication
prophylaxis with amitriptyline, propranolol, timolol
avoid hormone fluctuations
foods
alcohol
environmental changes
stress, lack of sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tx Tension type HA

A

NSAIDS

don’t provide anything addicting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tx Cluster HA acute attack

A

100% O2
SL ergotamine
itranasal lidocaine can be helpful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tx Cluster HA preventive tx

A 
verapamil 80mg QID (cardiac monitor)
Lithium 300-900 mg
Prednisone taper
Ergotamine 2mg 2 hours before bedtime
Divalproex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Refer HA and facial pain

A

uncertainty
tx failsure
unremitting HA
medication overuse or chronic daily HA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Episodic loss of consciousness

A

Seizure: temporary neuro signs from abnormal paroxysmal, hypersynchronous electrical activity in cerebral cortex

Syncope: due to a reduced supply of blood to cerebral hemispheres (vasovagal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Symptoms present in both syncope and seizures

A

LOC or loss of awareness
with or without myoclonus opisthotonus
myoclonus
incontinence may occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Events during a spell

A

tonic-clonic LOC with tonic stiffening then clonic jerking
hypoperfusion produces flaccid unresponsiveness, stiffening or jerking
LOC from hypoperfusion rarely lasts more than 15 second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Posture when LOC occurs

A

orthostatic hypotension and faints occur in the upright or sitting position
only occur in lying position suggest seizure or cardiac arrhythmia unless phelbotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Physical exertion with syncope

A

usually due to cardiac outflow obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Postictal state

A

brief confusion, disorientation or agitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Seizures

A

transient disturbance of cerebral fx caused by an abnormal neronal discharge
epilepsy is recurrent seizures
aura associated with seizures
postictal confusion
urinary incontinence and jerking doesn’t dx

31
Q

Seizures etiology

A 
CNS dysfx
genetic
metabolic
systemic disease
drug induced
32
Q

Common causes of new onset seizures

A 
fever
head trauma
stroke
meningitis
hypoglycemia
hyponatremia
uremia
drug toxicity
eclampsia
33
Q

Tonic phase of seizure

A 
generalized stiffening of body and limbs
10-30 seconds
flexion then extension
epileptic cry
cyanosis
34
Q

Clonic phase of seizure

A

limb jerking
saliva frothing
jerks of limbs, body and head

35
Q

Postictal phase of seizure

A

confusion (can last 10-30 minutes)
limp limbs
HA

36
Q

Absence Seizures

A

last 5-10 seconds
keep posture
may not answer or seem out of it

37
Q

Diff Dx of seizures

A 
TIA
Rage
Panic attack
syncope
cardiac dysrhythmias
pseudoseizures
38
Q

Eval of seizure

A 
EEG
MRI
Serum creatine kinase 3 hrs after event. elevation = tonic clonic
FBS
electrolytes
renal fx
liver fx
39
Q

Management of New onset seizure

A

avoid driving
monitor serum drug levels: treat clinical response rather than blood levels
special considerations before and during pregnancy

40
Q

Risk of seizure reoccurance

A

75% after second seizure!

41
Q

Febrile Seizures in Children

A 
age 3 months to 5 years
non-CNS infection
> 90% are generalized
lasts < 5 minutes
acute respiratory illnesses are most commonly associated
42
Q

Febrile seizure work up

A

WBC > 20,000 could indicated baterial
blood and urine cultures
if younger than 18 months do lumbar puncture
EEG

43
Q

Tx for febrile seizure

A

hydration
diazepam with fevers in future
no long term consequences

44
Q

Alcohol withdrawl seizures

A

48 hrs of withdrawl
hopital for 24 hours
benzos are effective ans safe

45
Q

Syncope

A

LOC with loss of postural tone

global hypoperfusion of the brain and brain stem

46
Q

Most common causes of syncope

A 
vasovagal can reoccur with within 30 minutes of restanding
situational
orthostatic hypotension
decreased cardiac output
arrhythmias
neurologic disease
47
Q

Stroke facts

A

3rd leading cause of death
work force impact
economic impact

48
Q

Stroke risks

A

age: doubles each decade after 55
gender: male, but more women die from stroke
genetics: african american, family hx
chronic diseases: HTN, Lipids
diet
obesity
smoking
drug use

49
Q

Stroke etiology

A

intrinsic to the vessel: plaque, inflammation, arterial dissection, malformations, thrombus

inadequate blood flow

rupture of vessel

50
Q

Stroke types

A

Ischemic

Hemorrhagic

51
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke types

A

subarachnoid

cerebral hemorrhage

52
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

aneurysm in carotid ruptures and leaks into subarachnoid space
on surface of brain leaking
bleeds into space between brain and skull

53
Q

Cerebral hemorrhage

A

defective artery in brain bursts

HTN, trauma, malformation

54
Q

Subarachnoid clinical features

A

worst HA ever
rapidly LOC
signs of meningeal irritation
nuchal regidity

55
Q

Cerebral hemorrhage clinical features

A 
LOC
sudden N/V
focal signs and symptoms
neuro deficit
HA sometimes present
56
Q

TIA

A

transient neruo dysfunction with focal, spinal or retinal ischemia without acute infarction
tissue based
small emboli
offer opportunity to initiate tx prior to perm diasability

57
Q

Delirium

A

acute, fluctuating disturbance of consciousness with change in cognition
poor clinical outcomes if persists
may be first indication that there is an underlying medical condition

58
Q

Delirium Dx

A 
inability to maintain attention
disorganized thinking
develops in short amount of time
fluctuating LOC
caused by medical condition, substance intoxication or medication S/E
reversible!
59
Q

Delirium presentation

A 
onset acute/abrupt
progression reversible
decreased perception of environment
orientation fluctuates
recent and immediate memory impaired
60
Q

Dementia Presentation

A 
chronic onset
progression irreversible
clear awareness
increased impairment over time
recent and remote memory impaired
61
Q

Depression presentation

A

Variable onset
progression reversible
clear awareness
patchy memory

62
Q

Delirium risk factors

A 
sensory impairment
old age
pre-existing cognitive impairment
substance abuse
social isolation
trauma
pain
63
Q

2 parts of delirium assessment

A 
1. recognize delirium
history of care givers, MMSE <24
2. uncover the underlying illness
medication review
labs
imaging
64
Q

Delirium Differentials

A 
D: dehydration, dementia, depression
E: electrolytes, elimination
L: lungs liver, low profusion
I: Infections
R: restraints
I: injury
U: unfamiliar environment
M: medications
65
Q

Closed Head injury

A

injury to the skull, brain or both

interfere with normal activities

66
Q

Primary causes closed head injuries

A 
direct insult
direct trauma
concussion
contusion
epidural hematoma
subdural hematoma
67
Q

Secondary causes of closed head injuries

A

intracranial insults to the brain (ischemia, edema)

systemic insults to the brain (hypoxia, anemia, hyperglycemia

68
Q

Concussion symptoms

A 
HA
feeling in a fog
emotional lability
LOC
amnesia
irritability
slowed reaction times
sleep disturbance
69
Q

Second impact syndrome of concussion

A

can lead to herniation and coma

someone with concussion goes back in to play prior to concussion resolving and gets reinjured

70
Q

Contusion

A

bruising of part of the brain with no puncture of the pial covering
follow with CT after 24 hours to ensure no growth

71
Q

Coup injury

A

with contusion

direct impact

72
Q

Contrecoup injury

A

with contusion

rotational

73
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage

A

accumulation of blood within cranium
acute or latent
includes epidural and subdural

74
Q

Refer closed head injuries

A 
head trauma with altered LOC
paresthesia, paralysis
raccoon or battle sign
hemotympanum
rhinorrhea
otorrhea

Test 3 PC1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions