Neuro Flashcards
Brain stem function (5)
controls
1. BP
2. HR
3. respirations
4. vasomotor activity
5. cranial nerves
What is uncal herniation?
Hernation through the tentorial notch, which is where the brain stem emerges through the dura mater
Gray matter
cell bodies of neurons
White matter
axons of neurons
Where is the Broca’s area located?
frontal lobe
Which area of the brain is responsible for speech production? What type of aphasia is this?
Broca’s area - expressive aphasia
What can damage to the parietal lobes cause?
- spacial orientation problems
- neglect & denial
- extinction
Which area of the brain is responsible for understanding speech and language? What type of aphasia is this?
Wernicke’s area - receptive/fluent aphasia
Basal ganglia function
controls fine motor and initiation of movements
how much CSF is produced per day
500 mL
how much CSF is produced per hour?
20-25 mL
how much CSF is in the system at any given time?
125-150 mL
what produces CSF
choroid plexus
where is CSF reabsorbed?
arachnoid villi
where is CSF drained from the CNS?
via the jugular vein and venous sinus
normal CSF characteristics
colorless, clear, odorless
what does xanthochromic CSF indicate?
subarachnoid hemorrhage
what does CSF infected by bacteria look like?
low glucose, high WBC, cloudy, high protein
what does CSF high in protein indicate?
degenerative or demyelinating diseases (multiple sclerosis, etc)
inflammation or damage to the nerves
how much CO and oxygen does the brain receive?
15-20% CO; 20-25% oxygen
what is the primary source of energy for the brain?
glucose metabolism
where is most of the cerebral blood flow located?
Circle of Willis
What factors affect cerebral blood flow? And how?
- CO2 - increases vasodilation and therefore blood flow
- O2 - increases vasoconstriction therefore decreased blood flow
- blood viscosity - decreases blood flow
- medications - Mannitol - improves blood flow by decreasing ICP and fluid volume
- seizures - induces vasoconstriction
What range of MAP can the brain autoregulate blood flow?
50-150 mmHg
How does hypertension or hypotension affect autoregulation of cerebral blood flow?
HTN requires increased MAP to maintain homeostasis and cerebral blood flow. Extreme pressures can cause a rupture and hemorrhagic bleed. At the same time, too low BP can cause ischemia.
What is permeable through the blood brain barrier?
- water
- oxygen
- CO2
- glucose
- other gases
- antibiotics
- alcohol
