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critical care > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Brain stem function (5)

A

controls
1. BP
2. HR
3. respirations
4. vasomotor activity
5. cranial nerves

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2
Q

What is uncal herniation?

A

Hernation through the tentorial notch, which is where the brain stem emerges through the dura mater

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3
Q

Gray matter

A

cell bodies of neurons

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4
Q

White matter

A

axons of neurons

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5
Q

Where is the Broca’s area located?

A

frontal lobe

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6
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for speech production? What type of aphasia is this?

A

Broca’s area - expressive aphasia

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7
Q

What can damage to the parietal lobes cause?

A
  • spacial orientation problems
  • neglect & denial
  • extinction
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8
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for understanding speech and language? What type of aphasia is this?

A

Wernicke’s area - receptive/fluent aphasia

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9
Q

Basal ganglia function

A

controls fine motor and initiation of movements

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10
Q

how much CSF is produced per day

A

500 mL

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11
Q

how much CSF is produced per hour?

A

20-25 mL

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12
Q

how much CSF is in the system at any given time?

A

125-150 mL

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13
Q

what produces CSF

A

choroid plexus

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14
Q

where is CSF reabsorbed?

A

arachnoid villi

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15
Q

where is CSF drained from the CNS?

A

via the jugular vein and venous sinus

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16
Q

normal CSF characteristics

A

colorless, clear, odorless

17
Q

what does xanthochromic CSF indicate?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

18
Q

what does CSF infected by bacteria look like?

A

low glucose, high WBC, cloudy, high protein

19
Q

what does CSF high in protein indicate?

A

degenerative or demyelinating diseases (multiple sclerosis, etc)
inflammation or damage to the nerves

20
Q

how much CO and oxygen does the brain receive?

A

15-20% CO; 20-25% oxygen

21
Q

what is the primary source of energy for the brain?

A

glucose metabolism

22
Q

where is most of the cerebral blood flow located?

A

Circle of Willis

23
Q

What factors affect cerebral blood flow? And how?

A
  1. CO2 - increases vasodilation and therefore blood flow
  2. O2 - increases vasoconstriction therefore decreased blood flow
  3. blood viscosity - decreases blood flow
  4. medications - Mannitol - improves blood flow by decreasing ICP and fluid volume
  5. seizures - induces vasoconstriction
24
Q

What range of MAP can the brain autoregulate blood flow?

A

50-150 mmHg

25
Q

How does hypertension or hypotension affect autoregulation of cerebral blood flow?

A

HTN requires increased MAP to maintain homeostasis and cerebral blood flow. Extreme pressures can cause a rupture and hemorrhagic bleed. At the same time, too low BP can cause ischemia.

26
Q

What is permeable through the blood brain barrier?

A
  • water
  • oxygen
  • CO2
  • glucose
  • other gases
  • antibiotics
  • alcohol

critical care (8 decks)

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