Neuro

Question 1

What is a glial cell? (Neuroglia)

Answer 1

Connective tissue within nervous tissue, non conducting

Question 2

name the 4 types of glial cells

Answer 2

astrocytes
microglia
oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells

Question 3

What is an astrocyte?

Answer 3

type of glial cell that contributes to the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier by separating neurons from capillaries

Question 4

what is an astrocyte ‘foot process’

Answer 4

specialised extensions of astrocytes that make contact with various structures within the CNS, and surround capillaries, regulating passage of substances between the bloodstream and the brain (blood brain barrier)

Question 5

What is a microglial cell?

Answer 5

located in the CNS, function as the immune cells of the brain and spinal cord, by phacocytosing any pathogens

Question 6

what are ependymal cells?

Answer 6

specialised cells found in the CNS, play a crucial role in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, contribute to the maintenance of a stable environment for the brain and spinal cord

Question 7

what are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 7

perform a similar role to Schwann cells in the PNS, insulate neurons in order to speed up the transmission of nervous impulses

Question 8

what are brain ventricles?

Answer 8

spaces within the cranial and spinal cavities which contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 9

what are the 3 layers of tissue (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord? (in order of furthest from the brain to closest to the brain)

Answer 9

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 10

Describe the dura mater

Answer 10

Outermost layer
Tough, durable membrane composed of dense, fibrous connective tissue

Question 11

What is the function of the dura mater?

Answer 11

provide a protective outer covering for the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

Describe the arachnoid mater

Answer 12

Middle layer
Thin, web-like membrane composed of connective tissue

Question 13

What is the funtion of the arachnoid mater?

Answer 13

• participates in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
• protects the delicate structures beneath it

Question 14

Describe the pia mater

Answer 14

Innermost layer, in direct contact with brain and spinal cord
Thin, delicate membrane composed of connective tissue and blood vessels

Question 15

What is the function of the pia mater?

Answer 15

Provides supportive and nourishing covering for the brain and spinal cord

Question 16

What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and what is its function?

Answer 16

Colourless liquid that protects the brain and spinal cord against chemical and physical injury

Question 17

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 17

all nerves entering and leaving CNS

Question 18

What are the 2 types of nerves in the PNS?

Answer 18

Cranial nerves (generally control head and neck)
Spinal nerves (control rest of the body)

Question 19

What is the function of the Oculomotor nerve (III)?

Answer 19

Controls the muscles that move the eye and adjusts the size of the pupil

Question 20

What is the function of the Trochlear nerve (IV)?

Answer 20

Controls one of the muscles that move the eye (superior oblique muscle)

Question 21

What si the function and pathway of the Trigeminal Nerve (V)?

Answer 21

Sensory for the face and motor for chewing muscles
Has 3 branches that carry sensory info from the face and control the muscles used in chewing

Question 22

What is the function of the Abducent nerve (VI)?

Answer 22

Controls one of the muscles that move the eye (lateral rectus muscle)

Question 23

What is the function of the Facial nerve (VII)?

Answer 23

Controls facial muscles, and taste sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Question 24

What is the function of the Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)?

Answer 24

Hearing and balance

Question 25

What is the function of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)?

Answer 25

Controls muscles in the throat, and taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue

Question 26

What is the function of the Vagus nerve (X)?

Answer 26

Controls many organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, controls swallowing, speech and heart rate