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Paramedic Science > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

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1
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

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2
Q

what are leukocytes?

A

white blood cells

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3
Q

what are thrombocytes?

A

platelets

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4
Q

what is the function of thrombocytes and where are they formed?

A

formed in bone marrow from large cells called megakaryocytes

stop bleeding by forming a ‘plug’

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5
Q

what is the function of erythrocytes and where are they formed?

A

transports oxygen from lungs to tissues

formed in bone marrow

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6
Q

what volume of the blood does plasma take up?

A

55%

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7
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

widening/relaxation of the blood vessels (particularly arteries)

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8
Q

what is vasoconstriction?

A

narrowing/contraction of the blood vessels

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9
Q

what are some common causes of vasoconstriction?

A

medications
pain
infection
smoking
dehydration

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10
Q

what are some common causes of vasodilation?

A

alcohol
medications
emotional stress
sepsis
change in body temp

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11
Q

what are baroreceptors and where are they located?

A

specialised nerve endings that monitor blood pressure, located in the carotid sinus (neck) and the aortic arch

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12
Q

what are chemoreceptors and where are they located?

A

detect changes in oxygen/CO2 content of the blood, located in the carotid sinus (neck) and aortic arch

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13
Q

What would be a typical physiological response to hypertension?

A

bradycardia (slow HR) and/or vasodilation

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14
Q

What would be a typical physiological response to hypotension?

A

tachycardia (fast HR) and/or vasoconstriction

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15
Q

What would be a typical physiological response to low oxygen levels/high CO2 levels

A

increase in heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure

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16
Q

What 2 centres of the brain are responsible for blood pressure control?

A

Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata

17
Q

How does the brain respond to changes in blood pressure?

A

Hypothalamus and medulla oblongata adjusts heart rate, stroke volume and the size of vessel lumen to regulate BP

18
Q

What role do hormones play in blood pressure changes?

A

epinephrine and norepinepherine (released from adrenal glands) can rapidly increase heart rate and cause vasoconstriction which raises BP

19
Q
A

Paramedic Science (8 decks)

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