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NEED TO KNOW Before Exams!!! > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogensis of haematoma

A

Trauma/deceleration (1) causes shearing of Dural venous sinuses

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2
Q

Diagnostic for haematoma

A

Non-contrast CT head
Crescent shaped haematoma [with no midline shift] (1) which are confined to suture lines of the skull (1)

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3
Q

How long to perform a lumbar puncture regarding haematoma

A

12 hours

Xanthochromia observed is most sensitive to positive results at this time (1)

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4
Q

GBS treamtent

A

IvIG and plasmapheresis

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5
Q

Describe the pain of a migraine

A

Unilateral (1) throbbing pain (1) or moderate-severe severity (1)

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6
Q

Acute migraine management

A

Triptans e.g. sumatriptan (1) and aspirin 900mg (1)

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7
Q
  1. You have just diagnosed an elderly man with Parkinson’s disease.

a. In this disease you have neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons. What region of the brain is affected, what pathway is therefore affected, and what does this ultimately result in?

A

Substantia Nigra PARS COMPACTA (1) which results in an impaired
NIGROSTRIATAL PATHWAY (1) and therefore results in PROBLEMS INITAIATING MOVEMENT (1)

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8
Q

4 signs of poorly controlled asthma in the history after follow up

A

Nocturnal cough, multiple exacerbations, wheeze, recessions, hyperinflated chest

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9
Q

Acute asthma management

A

Remember O SHIT ME for acute asthma management;

    • O2, SABA, Hydrocortisone, Ipratropium, Theophylline, Mg sulfate, Escalate
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10
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

A
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11
Q

Pathophysiology of MS

A
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12
Q

Symptoms of MS

A
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13
Q

MS

A
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14
Q

Absolute vs relative refractory period

A

Absolute: no AP can happen
Relative: More stimulus needed for AP to happen

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15
Q

What channel opens initially when the action potential propagates and what does this do to the value of the membrane potential?

A

voltage gated sodium channel and the membrane depolarises to +40 mv

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16
Q

What drugs are used to treat spasticity?

A

Baclofen – GABA analogy
Tizanidine – Alpha-2-Agonist
Dantrolene
Benzodiazapine
Botulinum Toxin

17
Q

What is somatisation?

A

A functional symptom, the experience of a physical phenomenon with bodily symptoms without acknowledging the physiological phenomenon

18
Q

The oral contraceptive pill is a thrombotic risk for which three things?

A

DVT
Pulmonary embolism
Sagittal sinus

19
Q

Gower’s syndrome is a clinical feature of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy – what is it and what are other features?

A

Inability to rise to feet without use of hands
Occurs in young boys, presents with difficulty walking, running
Cardiac problems and arrhythmias, respiratory problems

20
Q

Define…
Paresis, Ataxia, Apraxia

A

Paresis – impaired ability to move a part of the body, weakness
Ataxia – clumsy uncontrolled willed movements
Apraxia – inability to perform purposive actions

21
Q

Define clonus

A

A series of involuntary rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations, often co-exists with spasticity

22
Q

What are charcot bouchard aneurysms?

A

Aneurysms arising from deep perforating arteries supplying the basal ganglia, occuring due to increased blood pressure

23
Q

When do you not use the analgesic pain ladder?

A

In headaches due to the potential of a drug induced headache

24
Q

What is the first line treatment in focal seizures?

A

Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Levetiracetam

25
Q

What is the first line treatment is generalised tonic clonic grand mal seizures?

A

Sodium valproate
Levetiracetam
Lamotrigine

26
Q

Which anti-epileptic drugs do not have teratogenic effects?

A

Carbamazepine
Lamotrigene
Levetiracetam

27
Q

Cause of shingles

A

Varicella Zoster Virus

28
Q

Treatment options for shingles

A

Duloxentine
Gabapentin
Pregabalin
Amitriptyline

29
Q

What medication slows down progress on motor neurone disease

A

Riluzole

30
Q

Trigerring pathogens for Guillain Barre Syndrome

A

Campylobacter Jejuni
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-Barr Virus

31
Q

What post-exposure prophylaxis for menigtitis is given and offered with which cause

A

Ciproflaxacin
Meningococcus

32
Q

Prophylatic options for a migraine

A

Propanolol
Topiramate
Amitryptlyine

33
Q

Drugs for status in
A. Community
B. Hospital for seizures

A

A. Buccal midazolam/Rectal Diazepam
B. IV lorazepam

34
Q

Define stroke

A

Sudden-onset neurological deficit due to ischaemic or haemorrhagic compromise
in blood supply / acute onset of focal neurological deficit of vascular origin which
lasts over 24 hours.

35
Q

Posterior cerebral artery visual defect

A

Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing

36
Q

Stroke how to remember it

A
37
Q

Rosier Scale

A

Used for TIA and assessment for risk of stroke

NEED TO KNOW Before Exams!!! (13 decks)

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