GI Flashcards
List 3 signs which may be elicited on abdominal examination of this patient.
Tinkling bowel sounds
Hyperresonant bowel
Abdominal distension
UC signs may seen in a patient
Uveitis/episcleritis, arthritis/arthralgia, pyoderma gangrenosum/erythema
nodosum, mouth ulcers
1st line for UC
5 – Amino-Salicylates (e.g. sulfasalazine, mesalazine)
Diagnostic for Pancreatic cancer
Protocol CT pancreas
Stroking the inside of his thigh results in no elevation of the affected testis.
Elevation of both his testes relieves none of his pain too. What are these 2 signs known as?
Negative cremasteric reflex (1) and negative Phren’s sign
Suggest 4 complications of CKD.
Anaemia, Osteodystrophy (e.g., osteoporosis), CVD, Encephalopathy/Neuropathy
Liver role
H.Pylori pathogenesis
Helicobacter pylori has 2 main mechanisms to survive in the acidic gastric environment:
- chemotaxis away from low pH areas, using its flagella to burrow into the mucous lining to reach the epithelial cells underneath
- secretes urease → urea converted to NH3 → alkalinization of acidic environment → increased bacterial survival
Pathogenesis mechanism:
Helicobacter pylori releases bacterial cytotoxins (e.g. CagA toxin) → disruption of gastric mucosa
What do you classify stool
Bristol Stool Chart
If terlipressen is contraindicated for Oesphageal varices what should be used instead ?
IV somatostatin
what cytoplasmic inclusion would you see in hepatocytes in patients with alcoholic hepatitis?
Mallory bodies
What two pathological factors contribute to the formation of ascites?
High portal venous pressure
Low serum albumin
Name 3 complications of diverticulosis?
Haemorrhage
Peritonitis
Perforation
Fistulae
Abscess
Post-infective strictures
Which of the following is not an
obstructive cause of dysphagia?
A. Pharyngeal carcinoma
B. Oesophageal web
C. Retrosternal goitre
D. Peptic stricture
E. Achalasia
Achalasia
Duodenal Ulcers symptoms improve before/after meals
after meals
UC management
