Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Area of frontal lobe that contains the primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation

A

precentral gyrus

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2
Q

Area of the frontal lobe that controls emotions and judgments

A

prefrontal cortex

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3
Q

Area of the frontal lobe that controls motor aspects of speech

A

Broca’s area

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4
Q

Area of the parietal lobe that is the primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation; receives fibers conveying touch, proprioceptive, pain and temp from the opposite side of the body

A

postcentral gyrus

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5
Q

lobe responsible for auditory and vestibular processing

A

temporal lobe

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6
Q

Area of the temporal lobe dedicated to language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

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7
Q

This structure integrates and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex and subcortical regions, relays motor information from the cerebellum and globus pallidus to the precentral motor cortex, and assists in the integration of visceral and somatic functions

A

thalamus

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8
Q

this structure’s main goal is to maintain body homeostasis by controlling ANS and neuroendocrine functions

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

this structure secretes hormones that influence the pituitary gland and several organs, also influences circadian rhythm

A

pineal gland

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10
Q

located in the midbrain, this is a large motor nucleus connecting the basal ganglia and cortex; important in motor control and muscle tone

A

substantia nigra

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11
Q

area of the mid-brain essential for dopamine production and primarily effected in Parkinson’s disease

A

substantia nigra

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12
Q

contains these cranial nerve nuclei: oculomotor, trochlear

A

midbrain

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13
Q

contains these cranial nerve nuclei: trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocohclear

A

pons

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14
Q

connects cerebellum to brainstem and is important for voluntary movement control

A

olivary nuclear complex

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15
Q

contains these cranial nerve nuclei: hypoglossal, vagus, vestibulocohclear

A

medulla oblongata

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16
Q

portion of brainstem containing centers for vital functions: cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor

A

medulla oblongata

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17
Q

anterior portion of the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla) containing 4 important nuclei producing neurotransmitters (serotonin, NOR, ACh), assists with arousal attention and muscle tone modulation, damage to this will cause dysregulation of sleep-wake cycles, impaired arousal and impaired ability to focus

A

Reticular Activating system (RAS)

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18
Q

cerebellar lobe controlling movement planning and motor learning

A

neocerebellum (cerebrocerebellum)

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19
Q

cerebellar lobe receiving proprioceptive info and concerned with modifying muscle tone and synergistic actions

A

paleocerebellum (spinocerebellum)

20
Q

cerebellar lobe connected with the vestibular system concerned with balance and ocular reflexes; VOR

A

Archicerebellum ( flocculonodular lobe, vestibulocerebellum)

21
Q

ascending spinal cord pathway conveying sensations of proprioception, vibration, and tactile discrimination

A

dorsal column/ medial lemniscal system

22
Q

in the dorsal column/medial lemniscal system which tracts are located laterally vs medially

A

UE tracts lateral
LE tracs medial

23
Q

where do dorsal column/medial lemniscal system tracts cross

A

medulla oblongata

24
Q

ascending spinal cord pathway conveying pain, temp, and crude touch

A

anterior-lateral spinothalamic

25
Q

where do the anterior-lateral spinothalamic tracts cross?

A

1-2 spinal levels above

26
Q

ascending spinal cord tract that conveys info from muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs to the cerebellum for control of voluntary movements

A

spinocerebellar tracts

27
Q

descending spinal cord tract that arises from primary motor cortex, cross in medulla; 10% do not cross and travel to cervical and upper thoracic segments

A

corticospinal tracts

28
Q

descending spinal cord tract that arises from vestibular nucleus; control muscle tone, antigravity muscles, postural reflexes

A

vestibulospinal tracts

29
Q

area between the meninges that contains CSF

A

subarachnoid space

30
Q

cranial nerves with parasympathetic functions

A

III
VII
IX
X

31
Q

cells important for myelin production in the CNS

A

oligodenrocytes

32
Q

cells important for myelin production in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

33
Q

large myelinated nerve fibers conducting fast, sharp, localized pain, temperature, and crude touch

A

A delta fibers

34
Q

smallest, slowest, unmyelinated nerve fibers that respond to mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimuli

A

C fibers

35
Q

there is no dorsal nerve root for which spinal level

A

C1

36
Q

During pupillary light reflex, which nerve is afferent vs efferent

A

afferent: CN II
efferent: CN III

37
Q

absence of pupillary constriction in both eyes during a single sided pupillary reflex test would indicate a lesion of what CN?

A

CN II

38
Q

CN III lesions result in complete ptosis and dilated pupil. T or F

A

True

39
Q

CN controlling taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

CN VII facial

40
Q

CN VII lesion causing ipsilateral facial paralysis

A

Bell’s palsy

41
Q

test used to lateralize hearing loss/function, tuning fork on the top of the head and sound is heard better in one ear or equally

A

Weber’s test

42
Q

test used to compare hearing function via air and bone conduction by placing tuning on mastoid process vs beside ear

A

Rinne’s test

43
Q

what result of Rinne’s test would indicate conductive hearing loss

A

sound heard through bone is equal or longer

44
Q

CN with sensory function to posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, and middle ear

A

IX glossopharyngeal

45
Q

spinal cord ends at level…..

A

L1

46
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale scores:
Severe
Mod
mild

A

Severe <9
mod 9-12
mild 13-15

47
Q

Normal two point discrimination is less than ….. mm

A

6mm