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Pharmacy Practice 5 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what is an electroencephalogram (EEG) used for?

A

to determine electrical activity of the brain to check for brain and seizure disorders

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2
Q

what is an electromyography (EMG) used for?

A

assess muscles and motor neurons for dysfunction

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3
Q

what is a lumbar puncture used for?

A

collecting cerebrospinal fluid

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4
Q

7 concerning neurologic symptoms

A

HAs
dizziness
weakness
change in sensation
loss of consciousness/syncope
seizures
tremors/involuntary movements

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5
Q

what does MS stand for?

A

multiple sclerosis

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6
Q

what does PD stand for?

A

parkinson’s disease

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7
Q

what does RLS stand for?

A

restless leg syndrome

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8
Q

what does CSF stand for?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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9
Q

what does LP stand for?

A

lumbar puncture

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10
Q

what does ICP stand for?

A

intracranial pressure

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11
Q

what does TIA stand for?

A

transient ischemic attack

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12
Q

what does CVA stand for?

A

cerebrovascular accident

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13
Q

what does AAO x3 stand for?

A

alert, awake, and oriented to person, place and time

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14
Q

define diplopia

A

double vision

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15
Q

define ataxia

A

gait that lacks coordination

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16
Q

define atrophy

A

loss of muscle bulk

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17
Q

define chorea

A

movements that are brief, rapid, and unpredictable

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18
Q

define thrombus

A

blood clot on the wall of a blood vessel or in the heart

19
Q

define embolus

A

piece of a blood clot that travels and becomes stuck in a blood vessel

20
Q

define infarction

A

injury or death of tissue caused by inadequate blood supply

21
Q

define hemorrhage

A

rupture of a blood vessel

22
Q

define near syncope or presyncope

A

no loss of consciousness

23
Q

define true syncope

A

complete loss of consciousness

24
Q

what is a transient ischemic attack?

A

a ministroke

25
Q

define an ischemic stroke

A

when a blood clot blocks blood flow in an artery within the brain

26
Q

define a hemorrhagic stroke

A

when a blood vessel bursts within the brain

27
Q

what are the stroke warning signs and symptoms (BEFAST)

A

balance
eyes: blurred vision
face: one side drooping
arm or leg weakness
speech difficulty
time to call an ambulance

28
Q

what are risk factors for stroke?

A

age over 55
gender (female at higher risk due to longer lifespan)
race and ethnicity
genetics
prior TIA or stroke

29
Q

what are physical exams used to diagnose meningitis?

A

nuchal rigidity, kernig’s sign, and brudzinski’s sign

30
Q

define epilepsy

A

two or more unprovoked seizures less than 24 hours apart
or
single unprovoked seizure and high risk of recurrence over the next 10 years
or
diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome

31
Q

what are motor symptoms of a focal onset seizure?

A

jerking (clonic), limp or weak muscles (atonic), tense or rigid msucles (tonic), brief muscle twitching (myoclonus), or epileptic spams

32
Q

what is the physiology of a focal onset seizure?

A

occurs in one hemisphere of the brain

33
Q

what is the physiology of generalized onset seizures?

A

affects both sides of the brain

34
Q

what are motor symptoms of generalized onset seizures?

A

same as focal

35
Q

what are non-motor symptoms of generalized onset seizures?

A

absence seizure - staring spells
absence seizure with twitching of specific body part or eyelids

36
Q

define status epilepticus

A

5 minutes or more of a continuous seizure or 2 or more distinct seizures without complete recovery of consciousness between the seizures

37
Q

what is the first aid you can provide during a seizure?

A

STAY with them until they are awake and alert
keep them SAFE
turn them on their SIDE

38
Q

when should you call 911 with someone having a seizure?

A

-if its longer than 5 minutes
-they don’t return to normal
-they are injured, pregnancy or sick
-first time seizure
-difficulty breathing
-occurs in water

39
Q

define parkinsonism

A

shuffling gait, expressionless face, tremor or rigidity

40
Q

define dystonia

A

muscle rigidity, spasms, eye movements

41
Q

define tardive dyskinesia

A

tongue protrudes involuntary, or puckering, chewing, grimacing

42
Q

define akathisia

A

can’t sit still, stand up and sit down ,pace

43
Q

define trigeminal neuralgia

A

chronic pain in face triggered by washing, shaving, chewing, or brushing teeth

44
Q

what is postherpetic neuralgia?

A

a complication of shingles. pain that lasts 3 months after rash/blisters disappear

Pharmacy Practice 5 (8 decks)

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