Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FRACP Exam > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

HLAB1502 ass with what drug?

A

Carbamazapine and lamotragine - risk of SJS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What antiepileptic effects the COC?

A

Topiramate - reduces concentration
Carbamazepine and phenytoin are strong inducers of the cytochrome p450 and lamotrigine is a weak inducer reducing concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the MoA of Levetiracetam?

A

Binding of the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What AED are sodium channel blockers?

A
  • Phenytoin
    • Carbamazipine
    • Lamotragine
    • Lacosamide
    • Topiramate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the MoA of Gapapentin in epilepsy?

A

Voltage gated calcium channel blockers: Alpha2delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The COC reduces concentration of what AED?

A

Lamotragine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What AED induces the metabolism of warfarin (reduced INR)

A

Carbamazipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the side effects of leveteracetam?

A

Fatigue, thrombocytopenia, blurred vision, memory, personality, irritability, mood swings, increased suicidality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is used for tuberous sclerosis complex epilepsy?

A

Everolimus and sirolimus (mTOR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What AED causes weight loss?

A

Topiramate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MoA Perampanel

A

blocks post synaptic AMPA receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is lennox gastaut syndrome

A

Severe epileptic encephalopathy
Poor prognosis
Intellectual disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What epilepsy syndromes do kids grow out of?

A

Benign rolandic epilepsy, juveline myoclonic epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is rasmussen encephalitis

A

inflammatory disorder of uncertain, probably immune-mediated, pathogenesis that affects one cerebral hemisphere
Anti NMDA, andti LGI1 antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fibrillations and sharp waves at rest on EMG suggest what kind of neuropathy

A

More in keeping with an axonal neuropathy rather than demyelinating neuropathy e.g alcohol neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most important risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)

A

Frequent generalised tonic clonic seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What phase of sleep do sleep related epileptic seizures occur?

A

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep tends to facilitate epileptiform discharges and seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nocturnal seizure disorder in adolescents diagnosis name?

A

Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the pattern of inheritance of sleep related hypermotor epilepsy?

A

25% of SHE is inherited as autosomal dominant, with mutations in the CHRNA4 gene, which encodes for the alpha 4 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Locked in syndrome?

A

Complete paralysis of all voluntary muscles except for the ones that control the movements of the eyes.
Caused by damaged to the pons, a part of the brainstem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The lateral spinothalamic tract conveys

A

Sensory impulses regarding pain and temperatur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Brown-sequard syndrome

A

Resulting from hemisection of the spinal cord. It manifests with weakness or paralysis and proprioceptive deficits on the side of the body ipsilateral to the lesion and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the contralateral side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the features of intranuclear opthalmoplegia - INO

A

The affected eye shows impairment of adduction.
The contralateral eye abducts, however with nystagmus
Lesion is in the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the affected eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Progressive supranuclear palsy features

A

Impaired downward gaze
Progressive gait freezing within three years
Repeated unprovoked falls within three years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Nerve conduction studies for axonal neuropathy
Reduced amplitude with preserved conduction velocity
26
Nerve conduction studies for demyelinating lesions
Slow conduction velocity, prolonged distal motor latencies, partial conduction block.
27
Features of migraine
Unilateral Recurrent Any head or neck structure above C4 can cause headache Duration 4-72 hours Moderate to severe
28
What are headache red flags?
Systemic features - fever, myalgia, wt loss Neuro signs or sx Sudden onset Age >50 and progressive Pattern change from previous
29
What are the autonomic symptoms with trigeminal autonomic cephalgias
Unilateral eye redness, tearing, miosis +/- ptosis Rhinorrhea or nasal stuffiness Fullness or tinnitus in the ear
30
Features of Cluster headache
Severe headache and restless, 1-8 attacks/day, 15min-3hours Clusters for 6-12. Ipsilateral blocked nose, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, miosis, partial ptosis. Photophobia and phonophobia usually unilateral.
31
How to treat TACs?
Triptans Greater occipital nerve injection Oral corticosteroid if short clusters Verapamil
32
What are the features of Paroxysmal Hemicrania
Duration 2-30minutes More frequent than cluster headache >8/day Autonomic symptoms
33
What are the features of Hemicrania continua
Unilateral pain Cranial autonomic sx unilaterally 3-5 attacks/day Present for months
34
How to treat Hemicrania continua and paroxysmal Hemicrania?
Indomethacin Greater occipital nerve injection
35
SUNCT - Short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing/ cranial autonomic symptoms
Brief, severe stabbing headache with autonomic features can be single stab, recurrent stabs, sawtooth pattern
36
What is in the CHADSVASC score?
Age <65 = -, 65-74 = 1, >75 = 2 Sex - Female = 1 CHF - Yes = 1 HTN - Yes = 1 Prev stroke/TIA = 2 PVD = 1 Diabetes = 1
37
What deficit do you get with anterior cerebral artery blockage?
Leg>arm>face, Motor >> sensory Dysphasia if on dominant side
38
What deficie with MCA blockage?
Face/Arm > Leg Dysphasia, dyspraxia/neglect Homonomous hemianopia Motor and sensory
39
What deficit with posterior cerebral artery block ?
Homonomous hemianopia, behavioural change
40
What deficie with basilar artery occlusion?
Locked in syndrome, vertigo, ataxia, diplopia, isolated limb symptoms
41
Where is the lesion in Gerstman Syndrome.
Stroke in Inferior parietal lobule of dominant hemisphere, angular and supramarginal gyri
42
What are the clinical features of Gerstman syndorme?
Dysgraphia/agraphia, dyscalculia, finger agnosia, Left/right disorientation +/- aphasia +/- apraxia
43
What are the clinical features of lateral medullary syndrome?
Contralateral trunk/limb numbness IPSILATERAL facial numbness, skew deviation, dysphagia, horners syndrome, limb ataxia Palatal myoclonus, vertigo/nystagumis reduced gag
44
Where is the lesion in Lateral medullary syndrome?
Lateral medulla - vertebral artery, posteroir inferior cerebellar artery, superior middle and inferior medullary artery
45
What is top of the basilar syndrome?
Basilar artery thrombus, present with somnolence, hallucinations, dream like behaviour, motor function otherwise preserved. Dilated pupils + gaze problem If missed can progress to locked in syndrome
46
When an individual denies heir blindness (Anton syndrome) this is due to ?
Bilateral posterior cerebral artery infarction (patient blind but not aware they are blind)
47
What is the window for thrombolysis?
4.5 hours from onset
48
Hot cross bun sign?
MSA
49
Hummingbird/penguin sign?
PSP
50
WHat is the antibody target in NMOSD ( neuromyelitis optica)
Aquaporin 4 receptor Activates complement
51
What MRI spine lesions are seen?
Long lesions traversing multiple levels
52
What are the core clinical features of NMOSD?
Optic neuritis Acute myelitis Area posera syndrom e(intractable hiccups, nausea or vommiting Acute brainstem syndrome Symptomaic cerebral syndrome
53
What are the lobes of the brain?
Frontal, pariental, temporal, and occipital
54
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Personality, executive function, primary motor cortex
55
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Touch sensation, 2 point descrimination, pain, temp
56
What is the funciton of the temporal lobe>
Information processing, sensory input - auditory, language, processing memories
57
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Vision
58
Pressure on the optic chiasm causes what kind of visual loss?
Bipolar ( lateral vision) hemianopia - cant see the outside half on both eyes
59
What would produce a homonomous hemianopia?
Occipital lobe lesion/stroke or pressure on the contralateral optic track
60
At what level of would you expect autonomic dysreflexia with spinal cord injury?
Autonomic dysreflexia can complicate SCI above T6
61
What is brown Sequard sydrome / findings?
Spinal cord hemisection with ipsilateral paralysis, loss of vibration and position sense, and hyperreflexia below the spinal level. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation is also evident.
62
What is anterior cord syndrome?
Anterior spinal artery cord infarct Loss motor function + pain/temp with relative sparing of proprioception and vibration. Acute:flaccid paralysis and loss of deep tendon reflexes
63
What is posterior cord syndrome?
Posterior spinal artery. Loss of proprioception and vibratory sense loss of posterior column
64
What is central cord syndrome?
Loss of tendon reflexes Loss of pain/temp in one or several adjacent dermatomes at the site of lesion, caused my disruption of the crossing spinothalamic fibres Relatively normal sensation at levels above and below.

FRACP Exam (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions