Neuro Flashcards
CN 1
Olfactory
Sensory
Test: smell something
CN 2
Optic
Sensory
Test: visual acuity, PERRLA, confrontation
CN 3
Oculomotor
Motor
Test: PERRLA
CN 4
Trochlear
Motor
Test: visual fields
CN 5
Trigeminal
Both
Test: palpate TMJ, clench teeth; facial sensation
Also corneal reflex
CN 6
Abducens
Motor
Test: visual fields, lid elevation, convergence
CN 7
Facial
Both
Test: raise eyebrows, smile, frown, puff cheeks; taste
CN 8
Acoustic
Sensory
Test: whisper test
CN 9
Glossopharyngeal
Both
Test: say ah, uvula rises; gag reflex, swallowing; non- hoarse voice; taste
CN 10
Vagus
Both
Test: say ah, uvula rises; gag reflex, swallowing; non- hoarse voice; taste
CN 11
Spinal Accessory
Motor
Test: shrug shoulders, turn head against resistance
CN 12
Hypoglossal
Motor
Test: stick out tongue, move side to side
Muscle strength scale
0: no muscle contraction
3: can move against gravity
5: normal; can move against gravity and resistance
Cerebellar exam
Balance and coordination
Tests: point to point movements (nose/index finger; heel down shin; rapid alternating movements)
Walking/gait (get up and go test)
Position sense and balance (Romberg, pronator drift)
Discriminative sensation
Stereognosis: ID object in hand
Graphesthesia: ID number outlined in hand
Triceps
C6-8, radial nerve
Hold arm at elbow, abducted from body with hand hanging down
Extension of elbow
Brachioradialis
C6, C7, supinator jerk, radial nerve
Arm resting on leg, palm up, hit radius 1-2” above wrist
Flexion of elbow, supination of forearm, flexion of fingers and hand
Quadriceps
L2-4, patellar, knee jerk
Extension or kicking of leg
Achilles
S1, S2, ankle jerk
Slightly doriflex foot/ankle
Plantar flexion of foot
Meningeal signs
D/t irritation of motor nerve roots passing thru inflamed meninges as roots are brought under tension
Nuchal rigidity
Brudzinski’s sign- involuntary lifting of legs when head is lifted (pt supine)
Kernig’s sign- when knee and hip flexed at 90 deg, pain when extending knee, can’t straighten leg
