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Physical Assessment > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Varus

A

Inward ambulation toward midline of distal segment of bone/joint
E.g., bowleggec

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2
Q

Valgus

A

Limb displaced away from midline

E.g., knock knees

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3
Q

Synovial joint

A

Freely movable
Bones sep by synovial cavity, which secretes synovial fluid that lubricates joint movement
Bones covered by articular cartilage
Ex. Shoulder, knee

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4
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

Slightly movable
Bones sep by fibrocartilaginous discs, which contain nucleus pulposus that cushions bony movement
Ex. Vertebral bodies of the spine

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5
Q

Fibrous joint

A

No appreciable movement
Bones sep by fibrous tissue or cartilage
Skull sutures allow head to fit thru birth canal, growth in childhood, swelling with injury
Ex. Sutures of of skull

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6
Q

Spheroidal joint

A

Aka ball and socket
Convex surface in concave cavity
Mvmt: wide ranging flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction
Ex. Shoulder, hip

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7
Q

Hinge joint

A

Flat, planar shape
Motion in one place: flexion, extension
Ex. Interphalangeal joints, elbow

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8
Q

Condylar joint

A

Convex or concave
Mvmt of 2 articulating surfaces not dissociable
Ex. Knee, TMJ

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9
Q

MSK red flags

A

Bowel/bladder changes + LBP May mean cauda equina, compression of spine

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10
Q

Joint pain in systemic disorders

A

Annular rash- Lyme disease
Psoriatic plaque- psoriatic arthritis
H/o cancer of organ near bones, then bone pain can be bc cancer spread to bones

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11
Q

Congenital abnormalities

A

Spina bifida

Hip dysplasia- assess with Ortolani and Barlow btwn birth-6 mo

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12
Q

MSK stages of PE

A
  1. Inspect
  2. Palpate
  3. ROM- active and passive and muscle strength
  4. Maneuvers (joint specific) to test joint function and stability and integrity of ligaments, tendons, bursae
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13
Q

Crossover test

A

Shoulders- inflammation or arthritis of acromioclavicular joint
Adduct one arm
Positive: pain

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14
Q

Apley scratch test

A

Rotator cuff

Take each arm and scratch back, should be able to get as far as scapula

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15
Q

Drop arm test

A

Lift arm over head and slowly let it go down sideways

Positive: significant pain, arm suddenly falls, can’t hold arm fully abducted at shoulder level

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16
Q

Can test

A

Put hand out in front of them, practitioner pushes down

Positive: can’t hold arm up

17
Q

Impingement sign

A

Rotator cuff tear
Flex shoulder up and keep scapula down
Positive: pain

18
Q

Wrist/hand PE

A
  1. Inspect
  2. Palpate (e/t + anatomical snuffbox bc this is a classic place for fracture)
  3. ROM (wrist, finger, thumb)
  4. Hand grip strength, sensation on palmar/dorsal surfaces inner areas by median, ulnar, and radial nerves
19
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

D/t inflammation of medial nerve
Pain or numbness of first 3 fingers of hand, but not in the palm, especially at night
Loss of sensation in palmar surface of thumb, index, middle, medial 4th fingers
Causes: pregnancy, postpartum, repetitive motion

20
Q

Maneuvers for CTS

A

Weak abduction of thumb- most sensitive test
Tinel’s sign- tingling with tapping over median nerve as it enters carpal tunnel
Phalen’s sign- n/t with pressing backs of hands together in acute flexion x60 sec

21
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

Tingling with tapping over median nerve as it enters carpal tunnel

22
Q

Phalen’s sign

A

N/T with pressing backs of hands together in acute flexion x60 sec

23
Q

Joints of the knee

A

2 condylar tibiofemoral joints
Patellofemoral joint
Trochlear groove

24
Q

Bulge sign

A

Minor knee effusion

Milk downward from thigh to knee, apply medial pressure, tap and watch for fluid wave on lateral side

25
Q

Balloon sign

A

Major effusion in knee

Compress suprapatellar pouch against femur, feel for fluid entering spaces next to patella

26
Q

Patellar ballottment

A

Major effusion in knee
Press suprapatellar pouch and push patella against femur, watch for fluid returning to pouch- patella will look like it springs down and then pops back up

27
Q

Valgus stress test

A

Stability if MCL, LCL

28
Q

Lachman test

A

Test ACL

29
Q

Drawer test

A

Stability of ACL, PCL

30
Q

McMurray’s test

A

Meniscus
Person lies down, internally rotate ankle and bend knee, in u-shape externally rotate and pull out
Positive: pain, locking

31
Q

Kyphosis

A

Bent over

Commonly from compression fractures from OP

32
Q

Most common herniated discs

A

L4-L5

Pain radiates to outside of hip and then to outer leg and commonly stops at the knee

33
Q

Straight leg test

A

Disc herniation
Supine position
Back pain at 45 degrees of hip flexion (30-60 degrees positive)
More accurate if they flex their foot

34
Q

Crossed SLR

A

More sensitive for significant nerve root involvement

Positive right sided pain with right SLT and then lift left leg and still have right back pain

Physical Assessment (5 decks)

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