Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Third Year Exam > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

frontal lobe functions

A

pre-frontal cortex - higher mental functioning
primary motor cortex - corticospinal
broaca area - speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

temporal lobe functions

A

primary auditory crotex

wernikes area - comprehension of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

parietal lobe functions

A

primary somatosensory cotex
visual association cortex
somatosensory association cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

occipital lobe functions

A

primary visual cortex

secondary visual cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

layers of meninges

A

dura
arachnoid
pia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pyramidal tract function

A

voluntary muscle control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does corticospinal tract decussate

A

medulla pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pyramidal lesion signs

A 
increased muscle tone 
hyperreflexia
weakness
clonus
babinski+
hoffman+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

extrapyramidal function

A

involuntary motor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

extrapyramidal lesion signs

A

parkinsonims
chorea
athetosis
dystonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

corticospinal tract lesion - what side

A

contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cerebellar lesion signs

A

posture and gait
tremor and ataxia
nyastagmus
dysarthria

(ipsilateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

UMN signs

A 
no muscle wasting 
spasticity 
clonus preent 
brisk tendon reflexes 
babinski sign
poor balance 
lack of coordination with movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LMN signs

A 
muscle wasting 
flacidity 
no clonus 
diminished/ansent reflexes 
waddling gait 
difficulty rising from chair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DCML pathway

A

discriminatory touch, pressure, vibration, conscious proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ST pathways

A

fine touch, pain, temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DCML pathway lesion - what side

A

ipsilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ST pathway lesion - what side

A

contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

weak leg stroke - what vessel

A

anterior cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

weak arm and face stroke - what vessel

A

middle cerebral artery (most common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

eye problems stroke - what vessel

A

posterior cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

haemorrhagic stroke features

A

more likely to be conscious
headache
neurological defects sudden but more likely to be progressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stroke scan

A

non-contrast CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

infarctions presentation on scan

A

wedge shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
haemorrhage presentation on scan
dense
26
thrombylisis cut off
4.5 hours onset
27
confirmed occlusion of proximal anterior circulation
thrombectomy
28
secondary prevention stroke
statins | clopidogrel
29
generalised tonic-clonic treatment
SV | lamotrogine
30
absence seizure treatment
SV ethosuximide lamotrogine
31
parkinsons pathology
loss of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia, most notably substantia nigra
32
parkinsons treatment
``` levodopa dopamin agnoists (cabergoline) ```
33
essential tremor presentation
strong family history worse on intentional movement reduce or absent at rest
34
essential tremor treatment
b-blockers primidone gabapentin alcohol may help
35
huntingtons inheritance
autosomal dominant complete penetrance
36
huntingtons genes
defect on chromosome 4 on HTT gene | CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion
37
huntingtons treatment
supportive antipsychotics counselling family
38
MS pathology
chronic autoimmune T cell mediated | demyelination condition with axonal loss
39
MS investigations
MRI (definitive) - plaques | CSF - oligoclonal bands
40
MS acute relapse treatment
pred
41
``` MS symptomatic management fatigue sensory urinary pyramidal ```
fatigue - amatidine sensory - gabapentin, amytrip urinary - bladder drill, oxybutinin, desmopressin, catheter pyramidal - baclofen, notu toxin
42
ALS signs
boh UMN and LMN
43
progressive bulbar palsy presentation
speech and swallowing difficulties
44
MND diagnosis
EMG and nerve conduction studies
45
MND management
riluzole - may slow down progression | baclofen: spasms
46
migraine acute treatment
aspirin naproxen ibuprofen triptans
47
migraine prophylaxis
amytriptyline propanolol topiramate
48
cluster headache acute treatment
high flow O2 sumitriptan steroids
49
cluster headache prophylaxis
verapamil
50
tension headache acute treatment
aspirin, paracetm NSAID
51
tension headache prophylaxis
acupuncture
52
normal ICP
7-15mmHg
53
raised ICP signs
headache present on walking worse when coughing vomiting visual obscurations
54
idiopathic intracranial hypertension management
wt loss diuretics shunt
55
raised ICP management
diretics coma if indicated anti-epileptics surgical decopression
56
raised ICP causes
mass effect swelling inc central venous pressure problems with CSF flow
57
trigeminal neuralgia treatment
carbemazepine, gaba, lamo, phenytoin provide acute pain relief surgery
58
brown sequard syndrome features
ipsilateral motor/dorsal | contralateral spinothalamic
59
central cord syndrome feautres
cape linke sensory loss | distal upper limb weakness
60
extradural haematoma vessel involved
middle meningeal artery
61
extradural haematoma features
injury with LOC recovery with lucid interval rapidly progressive
62
extradural haematoma imaging
lentiform | limited by the suture lines
63
subdural haematoma vessel involved
bridging veins
64
subdural haematoma features
chronic | dull heaache, fluctuating LOC
65
subdural haematoma imaging
crescentric shape
66
extradural haeamtoma management
craniotomy with evacuation
67
subdural haematoma management
surgical decompression with burr holes
68
meningitis most common organisms
neisseria meningitisidis | strep pneumoniae
69
bacterial meningitis treatment
ceftriaxone + dexamethasone (+azith in >60s)
70
meningitis LP
cells protein glucose
71
encephalitis most common organism
HSV1
72
encephalitis features
``` personality/mood changes dec LOC coma seizures focal/diffuse neuro deficits + meningism ```
73
encephalitis treatment
aciclovir
74
guillian barrie syndrome management
IV immunoglobulin/plasmapheresis
75
myasthenia gravis acute management
pyridostigmine IV immunoglobulin thymectomy
76
myasthenia gravis long term management
steroids (pred) | immunosupression (azathiprine)
77
meningitis in a child with pneumococcal
ceftriaxone
78
meningitis prophylaxis
rifampicin
79
lamotrogine side effect
steven johnson syndrome
80
lithium side effects
``` dry mouth diarrhoea metallic taste tremor weight gain water retention hypothyroid blood test 5 days after starting ```
81
typical antipsychotics side effects | haloperidol, chlorpromazine
tardative dyskineasi | akathisia
82
ALS treatment
riluzole
83
DCML crosses at
medulla
84
ST crosses at
spinal level
85
treatment of lewy body dementia
rivastigmine
86
multiple system strophy
rapid progression cerebellar and pyramidal signs rigidity worse than tremor
87
normal pressure hydrocephalus
weird wet wobbly
88
cavernous sinus syndrome
``` opthalmoplegia chemosis proptosis horner syndrome trigeminal sensory ```
89
cavernous sinus syndrome causes
infection trauma vascular malignancy
90
confirm diagnosis of alzheimers
MMSE
91
confirm diagnosis of LBD
DAT scan
92
confirm diagnosis of picks disease
CT scan
93
confirm diagnosis of vascular dementia
SPECT scan
94
SAH treatment
nimodipine | surgical clipping
95
cause of foot drop
L4/L5 disc herniation - compressing L5
96
regimental patch numbness
axillary nerve

Third Year Exam (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions