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BOARDS High yield by subject > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What pathways does the ventral posterior lateral nucleus receive and send?

A

Spinothalamic
anterior is crude touch
lateral spinothalamic tract is pain and temperature

dorsal columns: vibration and proprioception

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2
Q

What does the ventral posteromedial nucleus send?

A

Trigeminal and gustatory pathway

Face sensation and taste

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3
Q

What does the Lateral geniculate nucleus send?

A

CNII optic chasm and optic tract

Helps with vision

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4
Q

What does the medial geniculate nucleus receive and send?

A

superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum

Helps with hearing

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5
Q

What does the ventral lateral nucleus do?

A

Sends the cerebellum and basal ganglia

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6
Q

If there is decreased activity in the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway what happens?

A

negative symptoms: anergia, apathy, lack of spontenaity

antipsychotics can effect this

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7
Q

What happens when there is increased activity in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway?

A

there are positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations

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8
Q

What happens with a decrease in the tuberoinfucnidbular dopaminergic pathway?

A

Increased prolactin and decreased libido

gynecomastia in men

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9
Q

What travels through the optic canal?

A

CNII

ophthalmic artery

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10
Q

What travels through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN III
CN IV
CN VI
CN V1

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11
Q

What travels through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2

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12
Q

What travels through the foramen spinousum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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13
Q

What travels through the foramen ovale?

A

CN V3

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14
Q

What travels through the internal auditory meatus?

A

CN VII

CN VIII

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15
Q

What travels through the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX
CN X
CN XI
Jugular vein

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16
Q

What travels through the hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

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17
Q

What travels through the foramen magnum?

A

Brain stem
Spinal root of CN XI
Vertebral arteries

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18
Q

What is the afferent portion of the corneal reflex

A

V1 ophthalmic: nasociliary branch

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19
Q

What is the efferent portion of the corneal reflex

A

Bilateral VII

temporal branch-orbiculares oculi

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20
Q

What is the afferent portion of the lacrimation reflex

A

V1

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21
Q

What is the efferent portion of the lacrimation reflex

A

VII

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22
Q

what is the afferent portion of the jaw jerk reflex

A

V3

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23
Q

What is the afferent portion of the pupillary reflex?

A

II

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24
Q

What is the efferent portion of the pupillary reflex?

A

III

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25
Q

What happens with a lesion of the frontal lobe?

A

Deficits in concentration, orientation, and reemergence of primitive reflexes

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26
Q

What happens with a lesion in the frontal eye fields?

A

Eyes look toward the brain lesion

AWAY from the side of hemiplegia

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27
Q

What happens with a lesion in the paramedic pontine reticular formation?

A

The eyes look away form the brain lesion or TOWARD the side of the hemiplegia

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28
Q

What happens with a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciciulus?

A

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

impaired adduction of the IPSILATERAL EYE and nystagmus of the CONTRALATERAL eye with ABDUCTION

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29
Q

What happens with a lesion in the hippocampus

A

anterograde amnesia

30
Q

What happens with a lesion in the sub thalamic nucleus?

A

Contralateral hemiballismus

31
Q

What are the symptoms of a lesion in the motor and sensory cortices in the middle cerebral artery?

A

Contralateral paralysis and sensory loss

32
Q

What are the symptoms of a lesion in the anterior cerebral artery? motor and sensory cortices

A

Contralateral paralysis and sensory loss- lower limb, urinary incontinence

33
Q

What are the symptoms of a lesion in the lenticulostriate artery? Specifically the striatum or the internal capsule

A

Contralateral paralysis
Absence of cortical signs

Pure motor stroke
Secondary to unmanaged HTN

34
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the cortical spinal tract via the anterior spinal artery?

A

Contralateral paralysis of the upper and lower limbs

35
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the medial lemniscus via the anterior spinal artery?

A

decreased contralateral proprioception

36
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the caudal medulla (hypoglossal nerve) via the anterior spinal artery?

A

Ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction

Tongue will deviate ipsilaterally

37
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the nucleus ambiguous of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

Dysphagia
Hoarseness
Decreased gag reflex

38
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the vestibular nuclei of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

Vomiting
Vertigo
Nystagmus

39
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the lateral spinothalamic tract or spinal trigeminal nucleus of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

decreased pain and temperature sensation of the contralateral body

Decreased pain and temperature sensation from the ipsilateral face

40
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the sympathetic fibers of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

Ipsilateral Horner syndrome

41
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Ipsilateral ataxia and dysmetria

42
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the facial nucleus of the lateral pons from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

Paralysis of the face
Decreased lacrimation
Decreased salivation
Decreased taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

43
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the vestibular nuclei of the lateral pons from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

Vomiting vertigo and nystagmus

44
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the spinothalamic tract of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the lateral pons from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

Decreased pain and temperature sensation from the contralateral body and the ipsilateral face

45
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the labyrinthine artery of the lateral pons from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

Ipsilateral sensorineural deafness and vertigo

46
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the pons, medulla, or lower midbrain of the basilar artery?

A

If RAS is spared then conciousness is preserved

47
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion at the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts from the basilar artery?

A

Quadripalegia: loss of voluntary facial, mouth, and tongue movements

48
Q

What are the symptoms if there is a lesion in the occipital lobe that is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery?

A

Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing

Alexia without agraphia

49
Q

a 40 y/o male with a hx of epilepsy comes in for f/u of seizure management. You notice that this patient has a port wine stain that is present on his face as well. What is the disease that you are suspecting?

A

Sturge Weber syndrome

50
Q

What is the mutation that is associated with Sturge weber syndrome?

A

GNAQ gene

51
Q

a 40 y/o male with a hx of epilepsy comes in for f/u of seizure management. You notice that this patient has a port wine stain that is present on his face as well. If you were to do imaging on this man, what would you expect to see on a brain MRI?

A

Tram track calcifications on opposing gyro but ipsilateral

52
Q

Describe the symptoms that are present in tuberous sclerosis

A

HAMARTOMASS

Hamartomas in the CNS and skin 
Angiofibromas 
Mitral regurgitation 
Ash-leaf spots 
Rhabdomyoma 
(Tuberous sclerosis) 
Autosomal dOminant 
Mental Retardation 
Angiomyolipoma 
Seizures 
Shagreen patches
53
Q

What are the mutations that are seen in Tuberous sclerosis

A

TSC1: chromosome 9
TSC2: chromosome 16

54
Q

A patient comes in with complaints of uncontrolled HTN. On exam you notice that there are some spots on their skin that are pigmented and splotchy. What are you thinking?

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1

Cafe Au lait spots

55
Q

What are the mutation that is present in Neurofibromatosis Type 1

A

NF1 tumor supressor gene on chromosome 17

56
Q

What are the symptoms that are associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1?

A

CICLOPSS

Cafe Au Last spots 
Intellectual disability 
Cutaneous neurofibromas 
Lisch nodules 
Optic gliomas 
Pheochromocytomas 
Seizures and neuro Signs
57
Q 
What disease am I   describing? 
Bilateral vestibular schwannomas 
juvenile cataracts 
Meningiomas 
ependymomas
A

Neurofibromatosis Type II

58
Q

What is the mutation that is seen in NF2

A

AD mutation in NF2 on Chromosome 22

59
Q

What are the symptoms of von hippie-lindau disease

A

HARP

Hemangioblastoma
Angiomatosis
Renal cell carcinoma
Pheochromocytomas

60
Q

Describe Brown Sequard syndrome.

If I have a hemisection that is present at T8 on the left side, what will I see?

A

Ipsilateral loss of all sensation at the level of the lesion: Left sided loss of sensation at T8

Ipsilateral LMN signs at the levels of the lesion: Left sided flaccid paralysis at T8

Ipsilateral UMN signs below the level of the lesion: left sided muscle rigidity and increased reflexes below T8

Ipsilateral loss of proprioception, vibration, light touch, and tactile sense below the level of the lesion: Left sided loss of these sensations below T8

Contralateral loss of pain, temperature, and crude touch: Right sided loss of pain, temp, and crude touch below t8

61
Q

In a CN V motor lesion, the jaw will deviate ______ the side of the lesion

A

TOWARD

62
Q

In a CN X lesion, the uvula will deviate ______ the side of the lesion

A

AWAY

63
Q

In a CN XII lesion, the tongue will deviate ______ the lesion

A

TOWARD

64
Q

Describe normal findings of the Weber and Rinne test?

A

No localization of the Weber test

Air conduction is greater than the bone conduction

65
Q

Describe the Weber and Rinne test if there is a conductive hearing loss

A

The Weber test will localize to the affected ear

Bone conduction will be greater than the air conduction

66
Q

Describe the Weber and Rinne test if there is a sensorineural hearing loss

A

the Weber test will localize to the unaffected ear

Air conduction is greater than the bone conduction

67
Q

You have a patient in your office. You do a Weber and Rinne testing. The patient’s Weber test localizes to the Right ear and the bone conduction is more prominent than the air conduction. What is going on?

A

Conductive hearing loss in the right ear

68
Q

Describe the scenario of a sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear.

A

The Weber test will refer to the right and the air conduction will be greater than the bone conduction

69
Q

A patient comes in with left eyelid drooping and you also notice that the left eye is positioned down and out. what is happening?

A

CN III damage

70
Q

A patient comes in and you notice that they are tilting their head as they talk to you. They state that they also have issues going down the stairs secondary to diplopia. What is going on? Which muscles are affected?

A

CN IV damage

Superior Oblique

BOARDS High yield by subject (5 decks)

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