Micro Review

Question 1

What is the toxin that is associated with bacillus anthracis?

Answer 1

Anthrax exotoxin: Edema Factor and the Lethal Factor

Question 2

Describe the edema factor of the anthrax exotoxin

Answer 2

Increases cyclic AMP by activated adenylate cyclase and causes edema and phagocyte dysfunction

Question 3

Describe the lethal factor of the anthrax exotoxin

Answer 3

Zinc dependent protease that inhibits MAPK signaling and causes apoptosis and multisystem disruption

Question 4

What are the two toxins that are associated with bordetella pertussis?

Answer 4

Pertussis toxin

Adenylate cyclase toxin

Question 5

Describe the MOA of the pertussis toxin

Answer 5

Disinhibits adenylate cyclase through ADP-ribosylation and increases cAMP levels

Edema and phagocyte dysfunction

Question 6

Describe the MPA of the adenylate cyclase toxin that is associated with bordetella pertussis

Answer 6

Adenylate cyclase will increase cAMP levels and cause edema and phagocyte issues

Question 7

What is the toxin that is associated with clostridium botulinum and what is the MOA?

Answer 7

Botulinum toxin blocks the presynaptic release of ACH at the NMJ

flaccid paralysis

Question 8

Describe Toxin A of C.Diff

Answer 8

Recruits and activates neutrophils

release of cytokines with mucosal inflammation, fluid loss, and diarrhea

Question 9

Describe Toxin B of C.Diff

Answer 9

Induces actin depolymerization

mucosal cell death and bowel wall necrosis and pseudomembrane formation

Question 10

What is the MOA of the shiga toxin that is associated with shigella?

Answer 10

Halts protein systhesis by disabling the 60S ribosomal subunit

intestinal epithelial cell death and diarrhea

Question 11

What are the two toxins that are associated with strep pyogenes?

Answer 11

Pyrogenic exotoxin

Streptolysin O&S

Question 12

This strep pyogenes toxin acts as a super antigen including fever and shock

This is associated with scarlet fever and STSS

Answer 12

Pyrogen exotoxin

Question 13

This strep pyogenes toxin damages erythrocytes membranes and causes beta hemolysis

Answer 13

strep O&S

Question 14

What are the virulence factors that are associated with E Coli?

Answer 14

Lipopolysaccharide 
K1 capsule polysaccharide 
Verotoxin 
Heat-stable/ heat labile enterotoxins 
P fimbraiae

Question 15

What is the mechanisms of the LPS of E Coli? What does this cause?

Answer 15

macrophage activation causes widespread cytokine release

This causes bacteremia and shock

Question 16

What is the mechanism of K1 capsular polysaccharide and what symptoms does this cause?

Answer 16

Prevents phagocytosis and complement mediated lysis

Neonatal meningitis

Question 17

What is the mechanism of verotoxin in E Coli?

Answer 17

Inactivates 60S ribosomal subunit halting protein synthesis and cell death

Question 18

What is the mechanism of heat stable and heat labile enterotoxins?

Answer 18

Promotes fluid and electrolyte secretion from the intestinal epithelium

Question 19

What is the mechanism of P Fimbriae?

Answer 19

Allows the adhesion to uroepithelium

MOST IMPORTANT

Question 20

What plates does E. coli grow on?

Answer 20

Blood

MacConkey

Eosin methylene blue (EMB)

ferments lactose and produce colonies that have a distinct green metallic sheen