Neural underpinnings Flashcards
What is the origin of the LMN?
Brainstem and spinal cord
What is the origin of the UMN?
Cerebral cortex
Direct and indirect pathways
What is the destination and function of the UMN direct activation pathway?
- Destination: Cranial and spinal nerve
nuclei - Function: Direct voluntary, skilled
movements
Speech is dynamic, what 4 things do we need?
- Coordination
- Respiration
- Resonance
- Articulation
8 levels of the motor speech system
- Conceptual level
- Planning level
- motor planning level
- motor control circuits
- direct motor pathway
- indirect motor pathway
- final common pathway
-sensory sytem
Motor speech system levels: Conceptual level
- ideas
- thoughts
- feelings
Prefrontal cortex and limbic system
Motor speech system levels: Planning level
- Linguistic
- Motor planning
Linguistic planning level includes…
- Non motor
- Encoded
Persiylvian region (dominant language hemisphere_
Why do we need motor plans?
- Blueprints for actualizing phoneme
- Motor plans are needed for motor program to work
- premotor cortex
- Brodmann’s area
- Supplementary motor area
How many motor circuits are important for speech?
- two
- BG and cerebellum
- coordination, integration, refine movement of direct and indirect pathways, fine tunes, run smoothly, more efficient
What are the bony boundaries?
The skull and spinal column
- The brain is housed in the skull and spinal cord within the spinal column
Basal Ganglia is a collection of what?
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
- Substantia nigra
- subthalamic nucleus
- Central to the indirect pathway-extrapyramidal system
- Forms afferent and efferent loops connecting
What does the cerebellar circuit do?
- Received signals from primary motor strip (unrefined signal)
- Coordinates skilled sequential voluntary muscle activity
- Afferent and efferent tacts run to and from it
What is the direct motor pathway and what tracts does it include?
- Pyramidal system
- Two motor pathways
- lateral corticospinal tract
- lateral corticobulbar tract
What does Cortico mean?
Cerebral cortex
What does bulbar mean?
Brain stem
What does the corticobulbar tract do?
- Controls muscles o the face and neck including those for speech and swelling
- synapses with CN’s instead of spina nerves
What is the pyramidal system and what does the pyramidal system do?
- Voluntary motor system
- Controls gross motor movements
- controls actions we consciously make (unrefined)
- System is direct
- Begins primary motor cortex, homunculus motor fibers for each area
- Pyramidal tracts travel to brainstem, decussate to other side at medulla (contralateral innervation)
What is the indirect motor system and what does it do?
- Extrapyramidal system
- Controls involuntary movements
- Involved in posture, muscle tone, reflexes, coordination and modulation of movement
