Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SPA 762 > Motor Speech Disorders Final > Flashcards

Motor Speech Disorders Final Flashcards

1
Q

Motor Speech Disorders Vary Along a Number of Dimensions

A
  1. Age of Onset
  2. Course of Disorder
  3. Site of Lesion
  4. Neurological diagnosis
  5. Pathophysiology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classifying Dysarthria Categories

A

Flaccid
Hypokinetic
Spastic
Hyperkinetic
Ataxic
UMN
(mixed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Classifying Dysarthria: Etiology and Course

A

Dysarthria Grouped by Cause/Etiology
- Developmental
- Recovering (stroke)
- Stable (long term post stroke)
- Exacerbating (multiple sclerosis)
Dysarthria Grouped by Course
- Non-progressive
- Chronic
- Degenerative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nonprogressive Dysarthria

A

CVS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypokinetic Dysarthria is associated with the _____ _______ control circuit

A

Basal Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypokinetic Dysarthria is most evident in ________, _________, and _________.

A

Voice, Articulation Prosody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Interconnections Control Circuit 1

A
  • Cortical - crucial cortical input coming from frontal lobe premotor cortex
  • Thalamic
  • Substantial Nigra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurotransmitter imbalance is responsible for many movement disorders associated with ____ ______ control.

A

Basal Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which neurotransmitter is most importantly impacted with Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Common Non-Speech Characteristics of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A
  • Resting Tremor
  • Rigidity
  • Bradykinesia (appears to have super fast movements)
  • Hypokinesia
  • Akinesia
  • Postural Abnormalities
  • Reduced eye blink
  • Swallow infrequently (drooling because of this)
  • Rapid tremulous jaw and lips
  • Flat affect (facial expressions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Speech Characteristics of Hypokinetic Dysarthria

A
  • Aberrant range or speed of movement
  • Deficits are mainly seen in phonatory, articulatory and prosody
  • speech movements and timing are generally accurate
  • Individual movements are slow
  • repetitive movements are fast (tongue and force are reduced)
  • Excessive muscle tone
  • Reduced ROM maybe more significant in underlying neuromuscular deficit related to speech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What Causes Hypokinetic Dysathria Etiology?

A
  • Extra pyramidal tract degenerative disease
  • Vascular conditions usually in the brain
  • Toxic-metabolic conditions
  • Trauma
  • Infectious conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What reflexes are lost with Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A

Postural Reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Perceptual respiration symptoms of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A
  • Decreased breath support resulting in
    • short rushes of speech
    • decreased loudness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Perceptual phonation symptoms of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A
  • Hoarseness
  • Breathiness
  • Tremor
  • Decreased loudness
  • Monoloudness
  • Monopitch
  • Reduced utterance length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Perceptual resonance symptoms of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A

Mild hyper nasality

17
Q

Perceptual articulation symptoms of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A
  • Sounds slushy
  • Imprecise
  • rapid-repeated
  • blurred
  • Irregular AMR
18
Q

Perceptual prosody symptoms of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A
  • Increased rate in segments
  • Increased overall rate
  • Monotone
  • Monoloudness
  • Short rushes of speech
  • Phrase or syllable repetitions
  • Palilalia with excessive pauses
  • Reduced stress
  • Variable rate
19
Q

Physiological Symptoms of non speech oral motor function of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A
20
Q

Causes of MSDs (VITAMIN-D)

A

o Vascular accident
o Infectious disease
o Trauma
o Allergic or anoxic conditions
o Metabolic disorder
o Idiopathic
o Neoplasm
o Degenerative and/or demyelinating disease

21
Q

Parkinson’s Disease (PD)

A

o High prevalence of dysarthria
o Can affect laryngeal and velopharyngeal function, oral articulation, and intelligibility
o PD due to a loss of neurons in basal ganglia that produce dopamine, the substantia nigra, which is related to the BG and the brain stem.

22
Q

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

A

o An extrapyramidal syndrome
o Symptoms include ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of eye muscles), rigidity of neck, pseudobulbar palsy, and a severe spastic dysarthria.

23
Q

Dyskinesias

A

o General term that describes abnormal involuntary movements typically associated with BG pathology
o Most familiar with tardive dyskinesia (TD)
o Medications often cause dyskinesias

24
Q

Dystonia

A

o Characterized by abnormal involuntary movements and postures
o Form of hyperkinesia
o Involuntary movements (spasms) are usually associated with voluntary motor activity

25
Q

Huntington’s Disease

A

o Degenerative disorder of nervous system and includes symptoms of chorea, dementia, and history of familial occurrence; onset between 35-40; chromosome #4 is implicated
o May have minimal or no dysarthria if choreic movements are in limbs and/or body.
o Speech may be unintelligible if the choreic movements involve respiratory, oral and facial muscles.

26
Q

Flaccid dysarthria

A

LMN damage (final common pathway, motor unit)
* Distinctive because it is produced by injury or malfunction of one or more of the cranial or spinal nerves

SPA 762 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions