Neural Tube Defect

Question 1

Most common congenital anomaly of the CNS

Answer 1

Neural Tube Defects

Question 2

The neural tube closes spontaneously happens in utero in what AOG?

Answer 2

3rd to 4th weeks of gestation

Question 3

Failure of the neural tube closure allows excretion of which fetal substances into the amniotic fluid which serves as NTD biomarkers

Answer 3

Alpha-fetoprotein and acetylcholine

Question 4

Rostral end of the neural tube closes at what particular day

Answer 4

23rd Day

Question 5

Caudal end of the neural tube closes on which particular day

Answer 5

27th Day

Question 6

A midline defect of the vertebral bodies without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges

Answer 6

Slina bifida occulta

Question 7

Occult spinal dysraphism mostly have these manifestations

Answer 7

Cutaneous manifestations

Question 8

What is the best diagnostic test to investigate an occult spinal dysraphism?

Answer 8

MRI

Question 9

This is seen on spinal xray of NTD

Answer 9

Defect in the closure of the posterior vertebral arches and laminae (L5 and S1)

Question 10

Imaging studies for spina bifida occulta are indicated:

Answer 10

Subcutaneous mass or lipoma
Hairy patch
Dermal sinus
Atypical dimples
Vascular lesion
Skin appendages
Scarlike lesions

Question 11

Atypical dimples for occult spinal dysraphism are

Answer 11

Deep, >5mm, >25mm from anal verge

Question 12

Meninges herniate through a defect in the posterior vertebral arches or the anterior sacrum

Answer 12

Meningocoele

Question 13

The spinal cord and the spinal column are usually normal in cases of meningocoele

Answer 13

True

Question 14

It is the most severe form of dysraphism

Answer 14

Myelomeningocoele

Question 15

Folate is intricately involved in the prevention and etiology of NTD

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Folic acid supplementation is initiated prior conception and is continued until which particular time to prevent NTD?

Answer 16

12th weeks of gestation

Question 17

What is the most important determinant of NTD mortality

Answer 17

Renal dysfunction

Question 18

Physical examination of myelomeningocoles includes:

Answer 18

Flaccid paralysis
Absent deep tendon reflexes
Lack of response to touch and pain
Low extremity deformity

Question 19

There is a protrusion of neural tissue through a bony midline defect

Answer 19

Encephalocoele

Question 20

Most common cranial defect in encephalocoele

Answer 20

Occipital region

Question 21

Most prominent areas of the cranial defect for encephalocoele

Answer 21

Frontal or nasofrontal encephalocoele

Question 22

Cases of encephalocole wherein neural tissues associated with hydrocephalus have the poorest prognosis

Answer 22

True