Neural Tube Defect Flashcards
Most common congenital anomaly of the CNS
Neural Tube Defects
The neural tube closes spontaneously happens in utero in what AOG?
3rd to 4th weeks of gestation
Failure of the neural tube closure allows excretion of which fetal substances into the amniotic fluid which serves as NTD biomarkers
Alpha-fetoprotein and acetylcholine
Rostral end of the neural tube closes at what particular day
23rd Day
Caudal end of the neural tube closes on which particular day
27th Day
A midline defect of the vertebral bodies without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges
Slina bifida occulta
Occult spinal dysraphism mostly have these manifestations
Cutaneous manifestations
What is the best diagnostic test to investigate an occult spinal dysraphism?
MRI
This is seen on spinal xray of NTD
Defect in the closure of the posterior vertebral arches and laminae (L5 and S1)
Imaging studies for spina bifida occulta are indicated:
Subcutaneous mass or lipoma
Hairy patch
Dermal sinus
Atypical dimples
Vascular lesion
Skin appendages
Scarlike lesions
Atypical dimples for occult spinal dysraphism are
Deep, >5mm, >25mm from anal verge
Meninges herniate through a defect in the posterior vertebral arches or the anterior sacrum
Meningocoele
The spinal cord and the spinal column are usually normal in cases of meningocoele
True
It is the most severe form of dysraphism
Myelomeningocoele
Folate is intricately involved in the prevention and etiology of NTD
True
Folic acid supplementation is initiated prior conception and is continued until which particular time to prevent NTD?
12th weeks of gestation
What is the most important determinant of NTD mortality
Renal dysfunction
Physical examination of myelomeningocoles includes:
Flaccid paralysis
Absent deep tendon reflexes
Lack of response to touch and pain
Low extremity deformity
There is a protrusion of neural tissue through a bony midline defect
Encephalocoele
Most common cranial defect in encephalocoele
Occipital region
Most prominent areas of the cranial defect for encephalocoele
Frontal or nasofrontal encephalocoele
Cases of encephalocole wherein neural tissues associated with hydrocephalus have the poorest prognosis
True
