Neural tissue Flashcards
- Provide rough definitions for the key terms used when describing basic neural tissues and activities in the human. - Recognise and describe (in terms of morphology and function) a range of different neural and glial cell types. - Give examples of how pathological conditions can affect neural tissues and their function.
Satellite cells
Glial cells of the PNS.
- Similar function to astrocytes
Functions:
- Support neurones
- Regulate exchange of materials between neurones and interstitial fluid.
Schwann cells
Glial cells of the PNS
Function:
- Produce myelin to insulate neurones.
- 1 Schwann cell produces myelin for one neurone.
Ependymal cells
Glial cells of the CNS.
Function:
- Lines brain’s ventricles.
- Lines spinal cord central canal, filled with CSF/
Microglial cells
Glial cells of the CNS
Function:
- Immune cells
- Engulfs microbes, debris
Develop from monocytes, of mesodermal origin.
Astrocyte
Glial cells of the CNS
Function:
- Supports neurones
- Influences blood flow and blood brain barrier
- Assists neurone growth and development.
- Protects neurones from harmful substances.
Oligodendrocytes
Glial cells of the CNS
Function: Produce myelin to insulate neurones.
- One oligodendrocyte can produce myelin for many axons.
Brodmann areas of the neocortex
52 regions of the cortex are numbered
- Boundaries determined by cellular structure and function.
- Each area has specific inputs and outputs.
Primary motor cortex Brodmann area
Area 4
Primary visual cortex Brodmann area
Area 17
CNS vs PNS
CNS= Brain and spinal cord
- Receives and processes information
- Controls reflexes and behaviour.
PNS- Cranial and spinal nerves.
- Sensory detection
- Motor activation
Ganglion
A group of cell bodies outside the CNS
Parasympathetic ganglion
Autonomic motor neurones
- Small neurones with eccentric nuclei
Dorsolateral Ventrolateral
Dorsomedial
Ventromedial
Direction of human prefrontal cortex
Dorsolateral= Brodmann area 9
Ventrolateral, Inferior frontal gyrus
Dorsomedial, Middle top
Ventromedial, bottom of cerebral hemisphere
Myelin function
Electrically insulates axon = increases conduction velocity due to increase diameter.
Multipolar neurone
Contains one axon and many dendrites
- Motor neurones
