NEUR1020 quiz 1 Flashcards
properties of scientific theories
testable predictions, fallibility, refining scientific knowledge
paradigm
a framework for understanding and investigating phenomena within a discipline. determine both the concepts used to understand phenomena as well as the practices to achieve understanding and can change when they prove insufficient to explain key phenomena within a discipline
the three types of paradigm
behaviourist, cognitive and biological
behaviourists paradigm
external environment shapes out thoughts and behaviours
cognitive paradigm
mental events could be studies as causal determinants of behaviour
biological paradigm
cognition and behaviour in terms of biological processes. e.g. patterns of neural activity
on case history
Biographical information about a single individual, obtained retrospectively, and often through interview
surveys and self-report
Structured set of questions retains an interview-like quality that can quantify insights achieved via introspection
naturalistic observation
Method of observing people in a particular setting or task environment without intervening
correlational designs
Can rely on observational data or on data collected in the laboratory. Correlational designs are able to identify associations between variables, but cannot be used to make claims about causality.
experimental designs
Experimental designs are specifically set up to enable casual interference
parsimonious theory
provides the simplest possible explanation that suffices to explain all relevant observation
law of effect
behaviours that are rewarded tends to be repeated
sampling bias
when the study sample Is not representative of the population to which you wish to generalise the study conclusions to
expectation effects
placebo effect, stereotype effect
