Networks & Connectivity Flashcards
Network
A system of interconnected devices which allows the devices to share data, they are connected by a ‘network’
i.e. computers, smart TVs, printers
3 common network types
LAN
MAN
WAN
LAN
Local Area Network
Private, small area coverage, homes/small businesses
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
Public, mid-size area coverage, buildings, towns
WAN
Wide Area Network
Public, largest size area coverage, state/country
Access to WAN is provided by ____
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
How devices connect to WAN
Device connects to LAN, and ISP allows access to WAN
How devices connect together to create a network
Devices that are connect to WAN through personal LANs, you can connect and share information with other devices also connect to WAN
Is LAN and internet the same thing?
NO. You can be connected to LAN without having been connected to the internet. But if you have multiple devices on the same LAN, those devices can communicate together
Why is LAN considered secure?
Because it’s private and can operate without being connected to the internet, therefore more secure way to transfer data between devices connected to the LAN
3 layers of computer connectivity
- Physical layer
- Protocol layer
- Application layer
Physical layer
Carrier of the signals
e.g. Toslink fibre optic cable
Protocol layer
Rules or management system for the signals
e.g. S/PDIF
Application layer
The end use or task to be accomplished
e.g. Audio transfer
Host
Any device connected to a network
Host examples
Computer, mobile phones, smart TVs, Alexa Echo, OK Google, printers, etc
Server
A host with a specific job on the network
Server examples
Computer storing video/audio files to a hard drive for streaming (Netflix, Gmail, Google, etc.)
Client
A host using a server
Client examples
Your phone (host) connecting to Netflix’s servers to stream a video
NIC
Network Interface Card; a device needing to be connected to a network must possess this hardware that can send & receive information
NIC is a physical hardware that allows connectivity to the network. Where is it found?
On the computer’s motherboard
Every NIC has a unique __________
MAC (media access card) address
aka. hardware address
NIC’s MAC address is what kind of number?
A 48-bit number
Ethernet
How information is carried, wiring of physical cables, how data is transmitted over cables
Ethernet cables
CAT-5 or CAT-6
End connector for CAT-5/6 cables
RJ-45 (8P8C)
Two wiring types for CAT cables
- Crossover
2. Straight through
Crossover wiring uses how many of the 8 wires?
4
Straight through wiring uses how many of the 8 wires
All 8
How long can an ethernet cable be before signal become compromised?
100 meters
3 transfer speeds
- Ethernet / 10BaseT
- Fast Ethernet / 100BaseT
- Gigabit Ethernet / 1000BaseT
Transfer rate of Ethernet / 10BaseT
10 Mbps
Transfer rate of Fast Ethernet / 100BaseT
100 Mbps
Transfer rate of Gigabit Ethernet / 1000BaseT
1 Gbps
How many channels of signal can go down a single ethernet cable?
512
Benefits of network audio
Allows users to share resources with other users
Less cumbersome
Far signal distance
High amounts of information down one cable
Store information safely on private networks
Information on iCloud, Google drive - where is it? Does it ‘float around in the interwebs’ as many describe?
Nothing is ‘floating around.’ EVERYTHING that happens on the internet is stored onto server computers, with the specific job of staring data to physical hard drives all day, every day. Many companies such as Facebook, etc. have server farms in obscure places in the world storing ALL information that is ever posted, uploaded, entered in, etc.
Interconnected Networks is the _______
Internet
How does the internet connect across the world?
Gigantic, thermally insulated and protected fibre optic cables and run underwater across the bottom of the ocean
NIC exmaple
SIM card on a mobile
Protocol for Wi-Fi
802.11
2 most common protocols used to transfer information through a network
- Wi-Fi
2. Ethernet
Wiring layout used for 10BaseT
Crossover
Wiring layout used for 100BaseT
Crossover
Wiring layout used for 1000BaseT
Straight through
Switch
Used to connect devices together to share information and buffer signal strength to go beyond the limit of 100 meters
Router
Connects devices - built-in switch that allows multiple devices to connect with the ethernet, as well as wirelessly with Wi-Fi
Describe the connection of devices and cables from a host to the WAN
Host connects to LAN/router using an ethernet cable, LAN/router connects to modem using ethernet cable, and modem connects to WAN using coaxial cable
Amount of octets in an IP address
4
NAT
Network Address Transfer
NAT provides what to your devices when connecting to a WAN?
Public IP
Base protocol for the internet
TCP/IP
Physical device/hardware needed to send and receive information over a network
NIC
Device that typically provides the NAT service
Router
Ping
A troubleshooting tool that requests a response from a device at a specific IP address
How to access router’s software online?
Enter the router’s IP address into the URL of web browser
3 settings ‘sent’ when using DHCP
- Public IP address
- Gateway
- Subnet Mask
DNS
Domain Name Service
What does DNS do?
Translates an IP address to a website name
Gateway number
It’s the router’s IP address
Cyberduck
MAC application used as FTP
FTP
File transfer protocol
What does FTP do?
Transfers files between devices on separate networks
MAC application used to ping specific IP numbers
Network Utility
Subnet Mask Class A
255.0.0.0
Subnet Mask Class B
255.255.0.0
Subnet Mask C
255.255.255.0
Subnet Mask determines what?
How many devices can connect to the router
Subnet Mask class typical for a household
Subnet Mass class C
