networks and faces

Question 1

deep neural network (DNN)

Answer 1

‘machine learning’ in ai; computer programmed to learn something (e.g. object recognition)

Question 2

levels of object recognition

Answer 2

entry, subordinate (specific), superordinate (general)

Question 3

4 challenges for DNN in replicating human object recognition

Answer 3

1. fooled by image manipulations that humans aren’t
2. can’t recognize objects in multiple ways (levels of object recognition)
3. subordinate categories may come first for unusual category members
4. entry level shifts down for experts

Question 4

structural description (geons) is for which category of object recognition?

Answer 4

entry level

Question 5

viewpoint representation is important for which category of object representation?

Answer 5

subordinate level

Question 6

example for an unusual category member that might be recognized at subordinate level first?

Answer 6

ostrich

Question 7

example for when entry level shifts down for experts?

Answer 7

recognizing specific bird rather than just ‘bird’

Question 8

face inversion effect

Answer 8

recognition is more difficult for inverted faces; distortions go unnoticed

Question 9

holistic processing

Answer 9

analysis of entire object/scene; upright faces but not inverted faces or other objects

Question 10

composite face effect

Answer 10

when faces mixed up: slower, less accurate id; not occur for misaligned or inverted faces

Question 11

visual agnosia

Answer 11

cannot interpret visual sensory information; impairment in perception/recognition w/ relatively intact low-level vision

Question 12

prosopagnosia (definition & name 2 types)

Answer 12

selective inability to perceive/recognize faces; usually associative; apperceptive

Question 13

associative prosopagnosia is what and involves what part(s) of brain?

Answer 13

selective inability to recognize faces; R or bilateral anterior temporal lobe

Question 14

apperceptive prosopagnosia is what and involves what part(s) of brain?

Answer 14

selective inability to perceive/recognize faces; R or bilateral occipitotemporal/fusiform gyrus

Question 15

what prosopagnosia did the man who mistook his wife for a hat have?

Answer 15

apperceptive prosopagnosia

Question 16

T/F: prosopagnosia can have a developmental/congenital form with normal brain structure

Answer 16

true

Question 17

T/F: all people with prosopagnosia can recognize facial expressions

Answer 17

false; sometimes they can recognize facial expressions

Question 18

fusiform face area (FFA) (function and location)

Answer 18

(may process) face identity selectively; bottom surface of brain

Question 19

posterior superior temporal sulcus (fSTS)

Answer 19

(may process) face expression selectively; lateral near occipital lobe

Question 20

occipital face area (OFA)

Answer 20

(may process) face identity and expression; bottom surface of brain in between FFA and fSTS

Question 21

two sides of face processing controversy?

Answer 21

1. faces require special processing
2. faces processed by object recognition mechanisms

Question 22

support for 1. faces require special processing?

Answer 22

face inversion effect, composite face effect, prosopagnosia, fMRI selective activation of FFA

Question 23

support for 2. faces processed by object recognition mechanisms

Answer 23

-non-face inversion effects (experts of handwriting)
-non-face holistic processing
-prosopagnosia specific to subordinate categories for faces and other objects
-fMRI activation of FFA by greebles
-FFA does subordinate level discrimination fine-tuned by experience

Question 24

where pathway location

Answer 24

superior occipital and parietal cortex

Question 25

what pathway location

Answer 25

inferior occipital and temporal cortex

Question 26

lesion to __ result in difference with visual object discrimination

Answer 26

what pathway

Question 27

lesion to __ result in difference with visual object position

Answer 27

where pathway

Question 28

patient DF had no activation of __

Answer 28

lateral occipital lobe (object id task)

Question 29

patient DF had __ and could not interpret visual sensory info

Answer 29

visual agnosia

Question 30

what was patient DF evidence for?

Answer 30

what and how streams; double dissociation between grasping and perception

Question 31

the opposite of what patient DF had?

Answer 31

optic ataxia

Question 32

optic ataxia

Answer 32

inability to reach/grasp object even if visual processing is intact

Question 33

evidence for what and how streams? (visual-geometric illusions)

Answer 33

-ebbinghaus (dot surrounded by more dots)
-horizontal-vertical illusion (T)
-tilt illusion
-müller-lyer illusion (arrows)

Question 34

T/F: perceptual judgements show less distortions in awareness and visually-guided actions show a larger illusion

Answer 34

false; visual system is affected more than action system