feb 4

Question 1

binocular (retinal) disparity

Answer 1

left and right retinal images show noncorrespondence; slight differences in retinal images in each eye

Question 2

T/F: we always have double vision, we just aren’t always aware

Answer 2

True

Question 3

anything that has __ disparity is falling on ___

Answer 3

zero; horopter

Question 4

horopter

Answer 4

imaginary line passing through the plane of fixation; everything falling here have corresponding retinal points

Question 5

Panum’s fusional area

Answer 5

everything in Panum’s area produce single vision; anything closer to us than Panum’s area produce crossed double images; farther away produce diplopia & uncrossed double vision

Question 6

stimuli with uncrossed disparity look

Answer 6

farther away

Question 7

stimuli with crossed disparity look

Answer 7

closer

Question 8

Wheatstone Stereoscope (1838)

Answer 8

creating depth from binocular disparity using contraption; see small square in front of large square

Question 9

proof that binocular disparity is a depth cue

Answer 9

Wheatstone Stereoscope, Brewter & Holmes Stereoscope, anaglyph, polarized filters, liquid crystal shutter glasses (rapid temporal alternation)

Question 10

Brewter Stereoscope (1849)

Answer 10

stereoscope with divider for binocular disparity

Question 11

Holmes stereoscope (1861)

Answer 11

pictures taken with a stereocamera (lens slightly apart to mimmick the two lenses)

Question 12

fusion

Answer 12

merging of disparate retinal images in the 2 eyes to achieve single vision

Question 13

free fusion

Answer 13

technique to view a stereogram without a stereoscope; poor man’s stereoscope; cross fusing and parallel fusing; take two images and combine

Question 14

cross fusing

Answer 14

type of free fusion; converge eyes; right pic falls on left fovea vice versa

Question 15

parallel fusing

Answer 15

type of free fusion; diverge eyes; right pic falls on right fovea vice versa

Question 16

anaglyph

Answer 16

disparity created by separating red and cyan images; coloured filters in glasses; more overlap adds more binocular disparity

Question 17

in anaglyphs, more overlap adds

Answer 17

more binocular disparity

Question 18

T/F: order of cyan and red in which eye affects whether the depth is closer to you or further

Answer 18

true

Question 19

stereopsis

Answer 19

ability to use binocular disparity information as a cue to depth

Question 20

T/F: everyone has fusion and stereopsis

Answer 20

false; some people have fusion but not stereopsis

Question 21

liquid crystal shutter glasses

Answer 21

left and right eye images displaced to give binocular disparity over time; rapid temporal alternation of disparate images produces depth perception

Question 22

stereogram

Answer 22

a pair of stereo pictures consisting of photographs, line drawings, or random-dot patterns

Question 23

T/F: object recognition does not need to precede stereopsis for depth perception to occur

Answer 23

true (e.g. dot stereograms)

Question 24

object recognition happens ___ stereopsis extracts depth information

Answer 24

after

Question 25

random dot stereograms: the larger the shifts between L and R eye images, the ___ binocular disparity and __ perceived depth

Answer 25

more; more

Question 26

_____ alone is sufficient for depth perception

Answer 26

binocular disparity

Question 27

wallpaper stereogram

Answer 27

contains rows of repetitive shapes (penguins); diverge eyes

Question 28

autostereogram

Answer 28

magic eye picture, wallpaper stereogram; repeating pattern of random dots (or shapes) with small shifts in location of a region of dots in each repetition

Question 29

with autostereograms, binocular disparity is created by

Answer 29

diverging eyes

Question 30

stereogram vs autostereogram

Answer 30

stereogram has two images, autostereogram is a single picture

Question 31

autostereograms can only be viewed with

Answer 31

free fusion (diverging eyes specifically; seeing past image)

Question 32

types of stereograms

Answer 32

active and passive 3D TV, autostereoscopic 3D TV

Question 33

stereoscopic correspondence problem

Answer 33

how does brain know which points in right eye’s image to combine with specific points in left eye’s image?

Question 34

stereoscopic correspondence problem especially with

Answer 34

random-dot stereograms and autostereograms; how does brain know what aligns with what in each eye

Question 35

simplifying heuristics of stereoscopic correspondence problem

Answer 35

spatial frequency, compatibility constraint, uniqueness constraint, continuity constraint

Question 36

example of incompatible illumination (compatibility heuristic for correspondence problem)

Answer 36

black dot with white dot

Question 37

uniqueness constraint (correspondence problem)

Answer 37

given feature in one image can only match one feature in the other image

Question 38

continuity heuristic (correspondence problem)

Answer 38

disparity should generally change smoothly