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Computer Science ATAR Yr12 > Networks and Communications > Flashcards

Networks and Communications Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of a Router?

A

A router connects two or more
networks together. Regulates the flow of packets from one network to another.

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2
Q

What is the role of a Switch?

A

A switch connects devices into a network. Directs and routes packets within a network efficiently.

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3
Q

What is the role of a Firewall?

A

A software or hardware device that blocks or allows packets based upon a predefined set of rules.

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4
Q

What is the role of a Modem?

A

Modulator/Demodulator. Changes digital signals to analogue and back so that they are suitable for transmission.

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5
Q

What is the role of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

A

A NIC acts as a gateway by translating ethernet packets into usable data for the computer.

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6
Q

What is the role of a Wireless Access Point (WAP)?

A

Allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network.

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7
Q

What is the role of a Bridge?

A

Network bridges are devices that allow multiple LANs to communicate with one another. Works on MAC Addresses.

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8
Q

What is the role of a Gateway?

A

Connects two networks with different transmission protocols.

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9
Q

What is the role of a Repeater?

A

Regenerates the signal before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted, to extend the range.

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Broadcast Radio? Pros/Cons?

A

Broadcast radio is a wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals through the air.
* Long Distances
* Susceptible to Noise

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of Satellite Transmission? Pros/Cons?

A

Recieve microwave signals from earth-based station and broadcasts it back over a wide area.
* Very Long Distances
* Limited Bandwidths

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Microwave Transmission? Pros/Cons?

A

Involves sending signals from one microwave station to another.
* Highspeed/High Bandwidth
* Line of Sight Required

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Celluar? Pros/Cons?

A

Cellular radio is a form of broadcast radio that is in wide use for mobile communications.
*Can support many concurrent users
*Infrastructure Required

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)? Pros/Cons?

A

Twisted‐pair cable consists of one or more twisted‐pair wires bundled together.
*Cheap/Easy to Install
*Low Range/Prone to Interference

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)? Pros/Cons?

A

Two copper wires that are twisted together are coated with an insulating coating.
* Prevents Interference/Larger Range
* More Expensive/Thicker

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Fibre Optic? Pros/Cons?

A

The core of a fibre optic cable consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass of plastic that use light to transmit signals.
* Large Carrying Capacity/Immune to EM Interference
* Expensive

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17
Q

Describe the types of Fibre Optic.

A

Single Mode - Light travels over one path and does not disperse. Is good for long distances.
Multi-Mode - Generate light pulses which travel at different angles. Better for short distance but modal distortion can occur.

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18
Q

What are the layers of the TCP/IP Model?

A
  1. Application Layer
  2. Transport Layer
  3. Internet Layer
  4. Network Layer
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19
Q

What is the Application Layer of the TCP/IP Model?

A

End-User applications and service interact with the network using protocols such as HTTP, SMTP and FTP.

20
Q

What is the Transport Layer of the TCP/IP Model?

A

Responsible for end-to-end communication between devices ensuring error-free delivery, using TCP and UDP protocols.

21
Q

What is the Internet Layer of the TCP/IP Model?

A

The internet layer handles the addressing and routing packets among multiple networks. Uses IPv4 and IPv6.

22
Q

What is the Network Layer of the TCP/IP Model?

A

Involves the transmission of data over a physical medium such as UTP or STP.

23
Q

List three types of Wireless Communications Protocols and Standards?

A
  1. Bluetooth
  2. Ethernet 802.11x
  3. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
24
Q

How does Radio Frequency Identification work?

A

It uses radio waves to transmit signals that activate the tag. Once activated, the tag sends a wave back to the antenna, where it is translated into data.

25
Q

Name a Wired Communication Protocol.

A

Ethernet 802.3

26
Q

What is Internet Protocol (IP)?

A

A set of rules that dictate how data should be delivered over a network and the internet.

27
Q

What is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

A

TCP works with IP to send packets over a network. TCP divides data into packets and gives each packet a header. TCP checks that all packets were recieved assembles it back into a file.

28
Q

What are differences between IPv4 and IPv6?

A

IPv6 is an upgraded version of IPv4. It has 128 bits instead of 32 bits. Has a simpler header format. This means less address collisions and more efficient routing. Has built-in encryption.

29
Q

Describe Domain Name System (DNS).

A

An Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.

30
Q

Describe Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

A

A protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network. Automatically assigns IP addresses to new devices.

31
Q

List methods used to ensure the security of networks.

A
  • Firewalls
  • Anti-Virus Software
  • Password and Network User Policies
  • Authentication
  • Encryption
32
Q

What is Anti-Virus Software?

A
  • Software designed to detect and/or destroy computer viruses
  • Scans downloaded programs and compares to viruses
33
Q

What are Password and Network User Policies?

A

A set of rules that govern access to information, traffic routing, use of passwords and encryption.

34
Q

What is Authentication?

A

Authentication is a method of protection, which verifies the identity of a user, before allowing data to be accessed.

35
Q

What is Encryption?

A

Encryption is used to protect data from being stolen by scrambling it using algorithms.

36
Q

List some strategies used to compromise the security of networks?

A
  • Denial of Service
  • Back Doors
  • IP Spoofing
  • Phishing
37
Q

What is a Denial of Service Attack?

A

A type of cyber attack designed to disable, shut down or disrupt a network, website or service. Overloads the network with too much network traffic.

38
Q

What are back doors?

A

Back doors are instructions that allows users to bypass security controls when accessing a program, computer, or network.

39
Q

What is IP Spoofing?

A

The creation of IP packets with a false IP address to impersonate another computer system.

40
Q

What is Phishing?

A

Phishing is a way of stealing personal information by tricking people into sending their personal details.

41
Q

Describe Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD).

A
  • Computer will send data on an idle wire and listen for a collision.
  • If a collision is detected will try again after a random amount of time.
  • Only used on old wired networks.
42
Q

Describe Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoicance (CSMA/CA).

A
  • Tries to avoid collisions.
  • Will only transmit when there are no other transmissions.
  • Will send again if reciever does not respond.
43
Q

What is a Parity Check?

A
  • Both computers agree to have an odd or even amount of 1 bits.
  • One bit is used as a parity bit to ensure that the total number of 1 bits is odd/even.
44
Q

What is a Checksum?

A
  • Both computers agree to a divisor.
  • The sum of bits is divided and the remainder (checksum) is sent along with the message.
  • The checksum can be re-computed and crosschecked at the destination.
45
Q

What is a Storage Area Network (SAN)?

A
  • A special high speed network that stores and provides access to large amounts of data.
  • All Devices are interconnected.
  • Secure, fast and huge capacity.
46
Q

What is a Network Attached Storage (NAS)?

A
  • Stored in a centralised location on a network.
  • Has a single point of failure.
  • Remote access, scalable and reliable.
47
Q

What are some factors influencing the performance of a network?

A
  • Bandwidth - Amount of data travelling.
  • Network Design - Efficiency of network.
  • Excess Broadcast Traffic - Too much traffic.
  • Viruses and DOS Attacks - Designed to slow down network.
  • Data Collisions - Data has to be resent.

Computer Science ATAR Yr12 (6 decks)

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