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computer science > networks > Flashcards

networks Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a network

A

2 + computers connected together that can transmit data

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of networks

A

local area networks
wide area networks

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3
Q

what is a protocol

A

a set of rules defining hoow 2 computers communicate
they are standard

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4
Q

what are the 6 types of protocols

A

HTTP
TCP / IP
POP3 IMAP
FTP

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5
Q

what is HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

A

used for web page rendering

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6
Q

what is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol)

A

networking protocol used in the routing of packets through a network

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7
Q

what is POP3 (Post Office Protocol) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

A

mailing protocols used for email access

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8
Q

what is FTP (File Transmission Protocol)

A

used for the transmission of files over networks

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9
Q

what is the order of the TCP/IP stack

A

application layer
transport layer
network layer
link layer

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10
Q

what does the application layer do

A

its based at the top of the stack
it specifies what protocol needs to be used to relate to the application that is being sent

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11
Q

what does the transport layer do

A

uses TCP to establish end - end connection between source and recipients computer
split data into packets label w packet number, how many packets the og data was split into and the port number being used for communication
if any packet gets lost the transport layer requests retransmissions

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12
Q

what does the network layer do

A

adds the source and destination IP addresses
routers operate on the network layer and uses IP addresses to forward packets
sockets are used to specify which device the packets are sent to and the application being used on that device

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13
Q

what does the link layer do

A

connection betweek the network devices
adds mac adress identifying the network interface cards of the source and destination computers for devices on same network
destination MAC address is the same of the recipients computer otherwise it would be of the router

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14
Q

what happens when the destination has been reached of the tcp

A

mac address is removed by link layer
ip addresses are removed by network layer
transport layers remove port numbers and reassemble the packets
application layer presents data into the form it was requested in

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15
Q

what is the DNS

A

the domain name system is used to name and organise internet resources

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16
Q

what are packets

A

segments of data

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17
Q

what information does the header packet contain

A

sender and recipients IP addresses
protocol being used
order of the packets
time toe live / hop limit (tells the packet when to expire)

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18
Q

what information does the payload packet contain

A

raw data to be transmitted

19
Q

what information does the trailer packet contain

A

checksum or cyclic redundancy check
a code that detecs whether any errors occured during transmission

20
Q

what is packet switching

A

communiccation method where data is sent in the most efficient route which can vary

21
Q

packet switching advantages

A

multiple methods to ensure data arrives intact
multiple routess can be used so if 1 path breaks
packets can be transferred over very large networks to allow global communication

22
Q

packet switching disadvantages

A

time is spent deconstructing and reconstructing data packets
must wait for all packets to arrive before data is recieved

23
Q

what is circuit switching

A

method of communication direct link is created betweek 2 devices
maintained for entire conversation
requires devices to transfer and recieve data at the same time

24
Q

circuit switching advantages

A

data arrives in logical order - quicker reconstruction
enables 2 users to hold a call without delay in speech

25
Q

circuit switching disadvantages

A

bandwith is wasted when no data is being sent
electrical interferences may occur which can corrupt or destory data

26
Q

what is a firewall

A

device designed to prevent unauthorised access to a network

27
Q

how does a firewall work

A

consits of 2 network interface cards between the user and the internet
passes packets between the two NICS and compares then against firewall software rules (packet filters)

28
Q

how does packet filtering work

A

limits network access in accordance to administrators rules
examines source IP, destination IP and protocols being used and ports being requested

29
Q

what happens when firewall denies access

A

packet is either dropped or rejected
rejected packet sends an alert to sender
dropped doesnt

30
Q

what does a proxy server do

A

collects and sends data on behalf of the user

31
Q

benefits of using proxies

A

users privacy is protected
can cache frequently making data faster to load
reduce overwall web traffic
used by administrators to prevent access to sensitive / irrelevant info

32
Q

what is encryption

A

way of keeping data secure when transmitting it over the internet
makes data unreadable if intercepted
can by decrypted and encrypted by using keys

33
Q

network interface cards

A

card required to connect a device to a network
built into computer
assigns a unique MAC address to each device

34
Q

switch

A

device used to direct flow of data across a network

35
Q

wireless access point

A

device that allows device to connect to a network
commonly combined with a router to enable internet access

36
Q

routers

A

connect 2+ networks together
allows privste, home networks to connect to the internet

37
Q

gateway

A

used when protocols are not the same between networks
translates protocol so networks can communicate with each other
removes header from packets before adding data to packets using new protocol

38
Q

what is a client - server network

A

terminals (clients) connected to server (powerful, central computer)
holds all important info and resources has greater processing power
clients can request usage

39
Q

advantages of client - server

A

more secure datas stored in 1 location
data and resources can be shared between client
central bakup are carried out no need for individual

40
Q

disadvantages of client - server

A

expensive
server fails performance fails
trained staff required

41
Q

what is peer - peer network

A

computers are connected to eachother so they can share files
both can provide and request resources
used in piracy cause impossible to trace origin

42
Q

advantages of peer - peer

A

cheaper to set up
easy to maintain
users can share resources
not dependant on central server
specialist staff are not required

43
Q

disadvantages of peer - peer

A

impossible to trace origin
poor security
difficult to locate resources
backups must be performed seperately

computer science (12 decks)

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