components of a processor

Question 1

ALU

Answer 1

arithmetic and logic unit.
completes all the arithmetical and logical operations. arithmetical operations invlufe all mathematical operations and the logical operations include boolean logic operations such as AND, OR, NOT and XOR

Question 2

what is the control unit?

Answer 2

the component of a processor that directs the operations of the cpu

Question 3

the control units jobs

Answer 3

• controlling and coordinating the activities of the CPU
• accepts the next instruction
• decodes instructions
  -managing the flow of data between the CPU and other devices
• stores resulting data back into memory

Question 4

what are registers?

Answer 4

they temporarily store data and all arithmetical and logical and shift operations occur in registers.

Question 5

what are the registers?

Answer 5

• program counter
• accumulator
• memory address register
• memory data register
• current instruction register

Question 6

program counter job

Answer 6

holds address of next instruction to be executed

Question 7

accumulator job

Answer 7

stores results from calculations

Question 8

memory address register

Answer 8

holds the adress of a location that is to be read from or written to

Question 9

memory data register

Answer 9

temporarily stores data that has been read or data that needs to be written

Question 10

current instruction register

Answer 10

holds the current instruction being executed, divided into operand and opcode.

Question 11

what are buses?

Answer 11

a set of parallel wires which connencts two or more components inside the cpu.
collectively called the system bus.

Question 12

data bus

Answer 12

bi directional bus used for transporting data and instructions between components

Question 13

address bus

Answer 13

trasnmits the memory address specifying where data is to be sent to or retrieved from.

Question 14

control bus

Answer 14

bidirectional bus used to transmit control signals between internal and external components.

Question 15

what are the 6 control signals

Answer 15

• bus request
• bus grant
• memory write
• memory read
• interrupt request
• clock

Question 16

bus request

Answer 16

shows that a device is requesting the use of a data bus

Question 17

bus grant

Answer 17

shows that the CPU has granted access to the data bus

Question 18

memory write

Answer 18

data is written into the addressed location using this bus

Question 19

memory read

Answer 19

data is read from a specific location to be placed onto the data bus

Question 20

interrupt request

Answer 20

shows that a device is requesting access to the CPU

Question 21

clock

Answer 21

used to synchronise operations

Question 22

assembly language

Answer 22

instruction is divided into operand and opcode.
operand contains the data pr the address of the data upon which the operation is to be performed.
opcode specifies the type of instruction to be executed

Question 23

factors that affect cpu performance

Answer 23

clock speed
number of cores
cache memory

Question 24

clockspeed

Answer 24

time taken for one clock cycle to complete

Question 25

number of cores

Answer 25

more cores, can complete more then one fetch - execute cycle at a time

Question 26

Fetch

Answer 26

address from pc is copied to mar
instruction held at that adress is copied to mdr by data bus, pc contents is increased by 1
mdr value ic copied to cir

Question 27

decode

Answer 27

contents of cir is split into operand and opcode

Question 28

execute

Answer 28

opcode is executed on the data

Question 29

what is opcode

Answer 29

type of instruction and hardware to use to execute it

Question 30

what is operand

Answer 30

address where the operation is performed