Networks

Question 1

Network

Answer 1

The connected devices in a space

Question 2

Local Area Network

Answer 2

Spans a small area, like a home, school, or house

Question 3

WAN

Answer 3

Spans large area, like city, state, or country

Question 4

Hub

Answer 4

Broadcasts to every device on the network

Question 5

Switch

Answer 5

Sends data between two specific destinations

Question 6

Modem

Answer 6

A device that connects your router to the internet and brings internet access to the LAN

Question 7

Virtualization Tools

Answer 7

Software that performs network operations

Question 8

Data packet

Answer 8

A basic unit of data that travels from one device to another. Includes where the data comes from, where it’s going, and the data itself

Question 9

Data Packet Header

Answer 9

Contains the IP Address, Media Access Control Address and of the destination device and the Protocol Number telling the receiving device what to do

Question 10

Data Packet Body

Answer 10

The data that needs to be received and processed

Question 11

Data Packet Footer

Answer 11

The content that indicates the data packet is finished

Question 12

Bandwidth

Answer 12

The amount of data a device receives every second

Question 13

Speed

Answer 13

The rate at which data packets are received or downloaded

Question 14

Packet Sniffing

Answer 14

Capturing and Inspecting data packets across a network

Question 15

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Answer 15

An internet Communications Protocol that lets two devices form a connection and stream data. TCP contains the port number of the intended destination service, which resides in the TCP header of a TCP/IP packet.

Question 16

Internet Protocol

Answer 16

A set of standards for addressing and routing and data packets as they travel between devices and networks

Question 17

Port

Answer 17

A software-based location that organizes the sending and receiving of data from a device to the wider network

Question 18

Port 443

Answer 18

Secure internet communications

Question 19

Port 25

Answer 19

Email

Question 20

Port 20

Answer 20

Large File Transfer

Question 21

TCP/IP Model

Answer 21

A framework used to visualize how data is organized and transmitted across a network

Question 22

Network Layer of TCP/IP

Answer 22

Creation of data packets and their transmission across the network, hubs, switches, routers, modems

Question 23

Internet Layer of TCP/IP

Answer 23

Where IP addresses are attached to data packets to determine sender and receiver. Also focuses on how networks connect to each other

Question 24

Transport Layer of the TCP/IP

Answer 24

Protocols to controls the flow traffic across a network. Permit or deny communication with devices, and communicate the status of the connection

Question 25

Application Layer of The TCP/IP

Answer 25

The application layer is responsible for making network requests or responding to requests. This layer defines which internet services and applications any user can access. Protocols in the application layer determine how the data packets will interact with receiving devices.

Question 26

Address resolution protocol

Answer 26

Located in the network layer, responsible for mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses on a network to direct data packet traffic

Question 27

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

Answer 27

The ICMP shares error information and status updates of data packets. This is useful for detecting and troubleshooting network errors. The ICMP reports information about packets that were dropped or that disappeared in transit, issues with network connectivity, and packets redirected to other routers.

Question 28

User Datagram Protocol

Answer 28

does not establish a connection between devices before transmissions. for applications not concerned with the reliability of the transmission. Data not tracked as extensively as data sent using TCP. used mostly for performance sensitive applications that operate in real time, such as video streaming.

Question 29

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model

Answer 29

Layer 7: Application layer

Layer 6: Presentation layer

Layer 5: Session layer

Layer 4: Transport layer

Layer 3: Network layer

Layer 2: Data link layer

Layer 1: Physical layer

Question 30

Application Layer of OSI

Answer 30

processes that directly involve the user. includes all networking protocols that internet software applications use

Eg: web browser. browser uses HTTP or HTTPS to send and receive information from server.

email application uses simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) to send and receive emails.

web browsers use the domain name system (DNS) protocol to translate website domain names into IP addresses

Question 31

IPv4

Answer 31

typical IP address.

Question 32

IPv6

Answer 32

32 character IP Address for new devices

Question 33

MAC Address

Answer 33

Unique ID for each physical device on the network

Question 34

Public vs. Private IP Addresses

Answer 34

Public is the one address for a whole network broadcast out to the world

Private is for each device, only intranetwork

Question 35

Presentation layer (OSI)

Answer 35

This layer adds to and replaces data with formats that can be understood by applications on both sending and receiving systems.

Formats at the user end may be different from those of the receiving system. Processes at the presentation layer require the use of a standardized format.

Some formatting functions that occur at layer 6 include encryption, compression, and confirmation that the character code set can be interpreted on the receiving system.

One example of encryption that takes place at this layer is SSL, which encrypts data between web servers and browsers as part of websites with HTTPS.

Question 36

Session Layer

Answer 36

connection established between two devices. open session lets devices communicate

protocols keep session open while data is being transferred and terminate the session once the transmission is complete.

The session layer is also responsible for activities such as authentication, reconnection, and setting checkpoints during a data transfer.

If session interrupted, checkpoints ensure that the transmission picks up at the last session checkpoint when the connection resumes.

Sessions include a request and response between applications. Functions in the session layer respond to requests for service from processes in the presentation layer (layer 6) and send requests for services to the transport layer (layer 4).

Question 37

Transport layer

Answer 37

delivers data between devices. This layer also handles the speed of data transfer, flow of the transfer, and breaking data down into smaller segments to make them easier to transport.

Segmentation is the process of dividing up a large data transmission into smaller pieces that can be processed by the receiving system.

segments need to be reassembled at their destination so they can be processed at the session layer (layer 5).

speed and rate of the transmission also has to match the connection speed of the destination system. TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols.

Question 38

Network layer

Answer 38

oversees receiving the frames from the data link layer and delivers them to the intended destination.

The intended destination can be found based on the address that resides in the frame of the data packets.

Data packets allow communication between two networks.

These packets include IP addresses that tell routers where to send them. They are routed from the sending network to the receiving network.

Question 39

Data link layer

Answer 39

organizes sending and receiving data packets within a single network. home to switches on the local network and network interface cards on local devices.

Protocols like network control protocol (NCP), high-level data link control (HDLC), and synchronous data link control protocol (SDLC) used at the data link layer.

Question 40

Physical layer

Answer 40

corresponds to the physical hardware involved in network transmission. Hubs, modems, and the cables and wiring that connect them are all considered part of the physical layer.

To travel across an ethernet or coaxial cable, a data packet needs to be translated into a stream of 0s and 1s.

The stream of 0s and 1s are sent across the physical wiring and cables, received, and then passed on to higher levels of the OSI model.