Network Protocols and System Identification

Question 1

Network Protocols

Answer 1

A set of rules used by two or more devices on a network to describe the order of delivery and structure of the data

Question 2

Hypertext Transfer protocol (HTTPS)

Answer 2

provides secure connection between client and server

Question 3

Domain Name System (DNS)

Answer 3

Converts domain names to IP addresses

Question 4

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Answer 4

Allows a connection to be formed between 2 devices

Question 5

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Answer 5

lsed for monitoring and managing devices on a network.

can reset a password on a network device or change its baseline configuration.

can also send requests to network devices for a report on how much of the network’s bandwidth is being used up

Question 6

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

Answer 6

used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across the network.

used by a receiving device to send a report to the sending device about the data transmission.

commonly used as a quick way to troubleshoot network connectivity and latency by issuing the “ping” command on a Linux operating system.

Question 7

IEEE 802.11

Answer 7

standards for wireless LAN

Question 8

WPA

Answer 8

Wireless security protocol for devices to connect to the internet

Question 9

Wired equivalent privacy (WEP)

Answer 9

s a wireless security protocol designed to provide users with the same level of privacy on wireless network connections as they have on wired network connections.

WEP was developed in 1999 and is the oldest of the wireless security standards.

Question 10

Difference between WEP and WPA

Answer 10

WPA encryption algorithm uses larger secret keys than WEPs

WPA includes a message integrity check that includes a message authentication tag with each transmission. If a malicious actor attempts to alter the transmission in any way or resend at another time, WPA’s message integrity check will identify the attack and reject the transmission.

Question 11

Vulnerabilities of WPA

Answer 11

a key reinstallation attack (or KRACK attack) to decrypt transmissions using WPA.

Attackers can insert themselves in the WPA authentication handshake process and insert a new encryption key instead of the dynamic one assigned by WPA.

If they set the new key to all zeros, it is as if the transmission is not encrypted at all.

Question 12

Firewall

Answer 12

A security device that monitors traffic to and from your network.

Question 13

Port filter

Answer 13

A firewall blocking or allowing certain port numbers to limit unwanted communication

Question 14

Hardware firewall

Answer 14

Inspects each data packet before allowing it to enter the network

Question 15

Software Firewall

Answer 15

Same as hardware, but it’s a software

Question 16

Cloud-based firewalls

Answer 16

self-explanatory, duh

Question 17

Stateful

Answer 17

Firewall that proactively filters out threats by keeping track of every data packet

Question 18

Stateless

Answer 18

Lets things in based on rules, but doesn’t track everything

Question 19

Next Generation Firewalls

Answer 19

In addition to being stateful, they do deep packet inspection, intrusion protection, and tap into threat intelligence platforms

Question 20

VPN

Answer 20

Changes your virtual location and public IP address so your data doesn’t get stolen. Data gets wrapped in other data packets

Question 21

Security Zone

Answer 21

A segment of a network that protects the internal network from the internet

Question 22

Network Segmentation

Answer 22

The division of a network into segments to make it safer

Question 23

Uncontrolled Zone

Answer 23

Anything a network doesn’t/can’t control

Question 24

Controlled Zone

Answer 24

A subnet that protects the internal network from the uncontrolled zone

Question 25

Demilitarized Zone

Answer 25

Public Facing Services that can access the internet

(Web Servers, Proxy Servers, File Servers)

Question 26

Restricted Zone

Answer 26

Highly confidential information only for employees.

Question 27

Proxy server

Answer 27

Forwards client requests to another server

Question 28

Forward Proxy Server

Answer 28

Regulates and restricts a user’s access to the internet

Question 30

Forward Proxy Server

Answer 30

regulates and restricts a person’s access to the internet. Hide a user’s IP address and approve a person’s outgoing traffic

Question 31

Reverse proxy server

Answer 31

regulates and restricts the external servers’ access to the network