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CISSP - Security Management > Networking Systems and Telecommunications > Flashcards

Networking Systems and Telecommunications Flashcards

1
Q

3 Different types of Backup Methods

A
  1. Differential ? copy all cumulative changes since last full. (takes more space than incremental)
  2. Incremental ? copy data changes since the last full.
  3. full
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2
Q

3 Types of RAID

A
  1. Failure Resistant Disk System(FRDS)
  2. Failure Tolerant System.
  3. Disaster Tolerant System.

only FRDS is currently developed.

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3
Q

ARP

A

Address Resolution Protocol ? ARP matches ip address to an ethernet address.

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4
Q

Back?door

A

access through a preprogrammed, unknown access point using DUN or external network connection

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5
Q

Buffer Overflow

A

DoS attack ? receipt of an excessive amount of data.

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6
Q

Bus Data Network Topology

A

All transmissions of the network nodes travel the full length of the cable and are received by all stations. (Ethernet)

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7
Q

CHAP Remote Access Protocol

A

Challenge Handshake Protocol ? authentication using an encrypted key.

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8
Q

DSS Wireless Access Protocol

A

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ? Splits contents of message into smaller bits and decoded at receiver end.

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9
Q

Dual?homed firewall

A

2 NICS, one on internal side and one on external side

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10
Q

EAP?PEAP Remote Access Protocol

A

Protected EAP ? like EAP?TLS but easier to administer but less secure due to lack of client?side certificate.

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11
Q

EAP?TLS Remote Access Protocol

A

Extensible Authentication Protocol, Transport Layer Security ? both client and server authenticate over TLS. Digital certificates are used.Can be confident user is authorized.

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12
Q

EAP?TTLS Remote Access Protocol

A

Tunneled TLS

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13
Q

Eavesdropping

A

Interception of network communication either passive or active

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14
Q

FHSS Wireless Access Protocol

A

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum ? Provides no error recovery. Splits available signal bandwidth and segments it.

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15
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol ? used for diagnostics and error correction.

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16
Q

Mesh Data Network Topology

A

Nodes are connected to every other node in the network. Backbone redundant.

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17
Q

Name and describe the OSI (Open System Interconnect)Model Layers?

A
  1. Physical ? electrical and mechanical level(x.21, HSSI,MAC address)
  2. Data Link ? prep for transfer of data(PPP, SLIP, ARP)
  3. Network ? handles data routing(IP,ICMP)
  4. Transport ? negotiates the data exchange(TCP,UDP,SPX)
  5. Session ? coordinates conversations between apps(NFS,SQL,RPC)
  6. Presentation ? o/s that associates types of files to programs(TIFF,JPEG,MPEG)
  7. Application ? not the app, but supports the end?user app process(HTTP,FTP,SMTP,TELNET)
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18
Q

Name the TCP/IP Model layers?

A
  1. Link(Network Access) ? x.25,ethernet,token ring, frame relay(layers 1 & 2 of OSI)
  2. Network(Internet) ? IP, ARP, ICMP, IPsec) (layer 3 of OSI)
  3. Transport(host?to?host) ? TCP, UDP (layer 4 of OSI)
  4. Application ? HTTP, FTP (layers 5?7 OSI)
    3.
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19
Q

PAP Remote Access Protocol

A

Password Authentication Protocol ? not encrypted but typically easy to implement on any network

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20
Q

Piggybacking

A

Accessing the system with another user’s valid entery, via incorrect logoff or open session.

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21
Q

PPP Remote Access Protocol

A

Point?to?Point ? i.e. Dial?up Networking (DUN)

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22
Q

Ring Data Network Topology

A

network nodes are connected by unidirectional transmission links to form a closed loop.(token and FDDI)

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23
Q

Screened Host firewall

A

Uses a router to filter data before the data reaches the firewall.

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24
Q

Screened subnet firewall

A

Uses an external router to review data and bounce back as necessary before reaching the subnet.

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25
Q

Session Hijacking

A

Taking control of another user’s network connection, via IP spoof.

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26
Q

SLIP Remote Access Protocol

A

Serial Link Internet Protocol ? connecting one network to another over a single physical line or via modems.

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27
Q

Smurf Attack

A

DoS attack ? causes severe congestion with ICMP ping response methods.

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28
Q

Spoofing

A

Convincing a network device to perform an authorized action by masquerading as a trusted user, resource, or file.

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29
Q

Star Data Network Topology

A

Most used today. Nodes are connected to a central LAN device directly.

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30
Q

SYN Flood Attack

A

DoS Attack ? A buffer of the TCP initialization flooded with connection requests.

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31
Q

Teardrop Attack

A

DoS Attack ? An altered offset field in IP packets confusing the system, causing it to crash.

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32
Q

Tree Data Network Topology

A

A version of bus that invorporates the use of branches

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33
Q

Trusted Network Interpretation(TNI) Evaluation Classes

A 
D ? minimal protection
C ? discretionary protection
C1 ? discretionary security protection
C2 ? Controlled Access Protection (No off the shelf system goes higher than this)
B ? Mandatory protection
B1 ? Labeled Security Protection
B2 ? structured protection
B3 ? security domains
A1 ? verified protection
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34
Q

Unauthorized Access

A

Users using their user name and password to access data they are not authorized for.

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35
Q

WAP Wireless Access Protocol

A

Wireless Application Protocol ? over the internet

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36
Q

WEP

A

Wired Equivalent Privacy ? uses shared secret between client and access point. Can be decrypted in a short time.

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37
Q

WPA

A

WiFi Protected Access ? uses TKIP

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38
Q

WPA2

A

WEP Protected Access 2 ? Supports IEEE 802.1ix authentication

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39
Q

Describe DES/DEA

A

64?bit block size and 56?bit key. It is a 16 round cryptosystem utlizsing S?boxes

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40
Q

Describe the Rijndael block cipher

A

iterated block cipher with variable block lenght and variabe key length

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41
Q

Describe XOR

A

Performs binary bit addition where T is 1 if A and B are not equal

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42
Q

During Discovery scanning what does the classification process produce?

A

Applications running on the target system

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43
Q

During discovery scanning what does the inventory scan produce

A

A list about the target systems OS and available ports

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44
Q

How does link encyrption operate?

A

each entity has keys in common with its two neighboring entities thus as a node recives the encyrpted message from its predecessor (neighboring node) it decrypts it and then reencrypts it with the shared key for the succesive node.

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45
Q

How is a one?time pad usually implemented

A

as a stream cipher by using XOR

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46
Q

How is confusion performed in DES?

A

S?box

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47
Q

How is diffusion performed in DES

A

P?Boxes

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48
Q

In a triple DES encryption notation noted DES?EDE2 what do the letters after DES stand for?

A

Encrypt
Decrypt
Encrypt
2(keys)

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49
Q

Name common Trojans:

A

Trinoo, Back Orifice, NetBus, SubSeven

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50
Q

Port 118

A

sqlserv

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51
Q

Port 119

A

nntp

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52
Q

Port 161

A

snmp

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53
Q

Port 194

A

irc

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54
Q

Port 2049

A

NFS

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55
Q

Port 389,636

A

LDAP/Secure LDAP

56
Q

Port 5631

A

PCAnywhere

57
Q

The number of rounds in the Rijndael Cipher is a function of the key size: Given a key size of 128 how many rounds will occur

58
Q

The number of rounds in the Rijndael Cipher is a function of the key size: Given a key size of 192 how many rounds will occur

59
Q

The number of rounds in the Rijndael Cipher is a function of the key size: Given a key size of 256 how many rounds will occur

60
Q

What are four differences in OS implementation of the TCP/IP stack?

A

Time to Live
Initial Window Size
Don’t Fragment bit
Type of Service

61
Q

What are some liabilities of PDAs

A

They do not support DAC
They lack audit capabilities
They don’t support a non?object reuse policy
They provide no data integrity protection

62
Q

What are the bit strenghts of AES variations?

A

128, 192 and 256

63
Q

What are the four modes of DES

A

Cipher block chaining
Electronic Code Book
Cipher Feedback
Output Feedback

64
Q

What are the three layers of the Rijndael cipher?

A

The non?linear layer
The liner mixing layer
The key addition layer

65
Q

What are the three main components of a polymorphic virus?

A

A scrambled virus body, a decryption routine, and a mutation engine

66
Q

What cipher is AES based on?

67
Q

What do header condition signatures look for?

A

dangerous or illogical combinations in packet headers.

68
Q

What do string signatures look for?

A

text strings that indicate a possible attack

69
Q

What is a liability of TCP FIN scans?

A

They work only on Non?Windows machines because Windows Machines send a RST regardless of if the port is open or closed.

70
Q

What is a SYN/ACK scan

A

A scanner sends a SYN/ACK packet if the port is closed it assumes the SYN/ACK is a mistake and sends a RST if the port is open the SYN/ACK will be dropped

71
Q

What is C2MYAZZ?

A

A utility that enables server spoofing to implement a session hijacking or MITM attack

72
Q

What is C2MYAZZ?

A

A utility that enables server spoofing to implement a s ession hijacking or MITM exploit

73
Q

What is clustering with reguards to cryptography?

A

a situation in which a plaintext message generates identical ciphertext messages by using the same transformation algorithms but with different cryptovariables or keys

74
Q

What is logon abuse?

A

Privilege escalation

75
Q

What is the best known symmetric key system?

76
Q

What is the fixed block size for AES?

77
Q

What is the intent of a discovery scan?

A

to collect enough information about each network device to identify what type of device it is.

78
Q

What is the intent of an inventory scan?

A

It provides information about the target system’s OS and its available ports

79
Q

What is the most basic and fastest type of TCP scan?

A

TCP connect()

80
Q

What is the native mode of DES

A

Electronic Code Book

81
Q

What is the standard TTL value for HP Jet direct printers?

82
Q

What is the standard TTL value for most network devices, UNIX and Mac systems?

83
Q

What is the standard TTL value for most Windows systems?

84
Q

What is the standard TTL value for Windows 95B/98 systems?

85
Q

What type of key does WEP use?

A

A 40?bit shared secret key, a RC4 psuedorandom number generator PRNG encryption and a 24 bit initialization vector

86
Q

Which modes of DES operates as a stream cipher?

A

Cipher Feedback and Output Feedback

87
Q

Which operational mode of DES is most likely to allow errors to propogate?

A

Cipher Feedback

88
Q

802.11a

A

54 Mbps in the 5GHZ range

89
Q

802.11b

90
Q

802.11g

A

54 Mbps in 2.4 GHZ band

91
Q

802.15

92
Q

At what layer of the OSI model does Frame Relay operate?

93
Q

Describe an ATM network

A

High?bandwidth, low delay technology that uses both switching and multiplexing. It uses 53?byte fixed size cells instead of frames

94
Q

How does CHAP prevent against remote client impersonation?

A

By sending challenge strings at random intervals.

95
Q

How does CHAP protect against replay attacks?

A

It does not send the password in clear text an it uses an arbitrary challenge string for each authentication attempt

96
Q

How many channels (up/down) comprise a Basic Rate Interface?

A

Two B & one D

97
Q

How many channels (up/down) comprise a Primary Rate Interface?

A

1 Single D channel + 23/30 channels for voice and data

98
Q

How many non?overlapping channels are used in DSSS?

A

Typically 3

99
Q

IPSEC can support multiple ______ but not multiple _________

A

simultaneous tunnels; multiple protocols

100
Q

Is RADIUS TCP or UDP?

101
Q

It can be said that TACAS and RADIUS are standards based”…what does that mean?”

A

That they can interoperate with other systems of the same time.

102
Q

RAID 0

103
Q

RAID 1

104
Q

RAID 2

A

Hamming Code Parity (bit?interleaved parity)

105
Q

RAID 3

A

Byte Level Parity

106
Q

RAID 4

A

Block Level Parity

107
Q

RAID 5

A

Interleave Parity

108
Q

To create an IPSEC tunnel that provides authentication, integrity and encryption what protocol would I use?

109
Q

To create an IPSEC tunnel that provides source authentication and integrity without encryption which protocol would I enable?

110
Q

What are the FCC regulations for FHSS networks?

A

75 or more frequencies can be used with a maximum dwell time of 400ms

111
Q

What are the five layers of WAP?

A

application, session, transaction, security and transport

112
Q

What are the private IP address ranges?

A
  1. 0.0.0 ? 10.255.255.255
  2. 16.0.0 ? 172.31.255.255
  3. 168.0.0 ? 192.168.255.255
113
Q

What are the three classes of WTLS security?

A

Class 1: anonymous authentication
Class 2: Server Authentication
Class 3: Two?way client and server authentication

114
Q

What are the two different spread spectrum technologies in use in 2.4GHZ LANs

A

Direct?dequence spread spectrum(DSSS) and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)

115
Q

What are the two primary types of ISDN interfaces?

A

Basic Rate Interface and Primary Rate Interface

116
Q

What does TACAS+ provide that TACAS does not provide?

A

two factor password authentication
the ability for a user to change thier password
the capability for resynchronizing security tokens
better audit trails

117
Q

What does the application layer of WAP consist of?

A

The wireless application environment (WAE), a microbrowser specification for internet access, wireless markup language, WMLScript

118
Q

What does the Transport layer of the WAP consist of?

A

Wireless Datagram Protocol

119
Q

What extention to EAP allows for authentication using digital certificates?

120
Q

What is 802.1X

A

Port based authentication for security in wireless networks

121
Q

What is a multiplexer?

A

It enables several signals to be sent over one physical

122
Q

What is a Switched Multimegabit Data Service network use for?

A

to extend LAN like performance to a MAN or WAN

123
Q

What is Frame Relay?

A

A high?performance WAN protocol that was originally developed for ISDN and is considered the successor to X.25/LAPB

124
Q

What is LEAP

A

it dynamically creates WEP keys making WEP more secure.

125
Q

What is Link Access Procedure Balanced?

A

For use in X.25 networks defines frame types and is capable of retransmitting, exchanging, and acknowledging frames as well as detecting out of sequence or missing frames

126
Q

What is one advantage of MS?CHAP V2 over regular MS?CHAP/CHAP?

A

Mutual authentication support

127
Q

What is te most common implementation of RAID

128
Q

What is the difference between remote journaling and electronic journaling?

A

Electronic vaulting happens at pretimed intervals whereas remote journaling is real time

129
Q

What is the early de facto standard for dial up communications

130
Q

What is the main difference between Layer 2 and Layer 3 tunneling protocols

A

Layer 2 protocols use frames and Layer 3 protocols use headers

131
Q

What is the maximum effective radius of a Switched Multimegabit Data Service network?

132
Q

What is X.25?

A

The first commercially successful connection oriented packet switching network where packets travel over virtual circuits.

133
Q

What layer does the Point to Point Protocol operate at?

134
Q

What RFC defines CHAP/PAP

135
Q

What succeeded SLIP?

136
Q

What type of authentication does PPP use?

A

PAP, CHAP and MS?CHAP

137
Q

Why is RADIUS not used for router?to?router authentication?

A

It does not provide support for two?way authentication

CISSP - Security Management (12 decks)

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