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Information Technology GR11 NOV > Networking: LAN > Flashcards

Networking: LAN Flashcards

1
Q

What is a node?

A

A device on a network that can send and/or receive data

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2
Q

What does frequency determine?

A

The frequency of the wave will determine the distance the signal will be transmitted.

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3
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of UTP

A

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair):

Advantages:
- Cheap and widely available.
- Easy to install and flexible.

Disadvantages:
- Susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI).
- Shorter range compared to other cables.

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4
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of STP (shielded twisted pair)

A

STP (Shielded Twisted Pair):

Advantages:
- Shielding reduces EMI better than UTP.
- Supports faster speeds over longer distances.

Disadvantages:
- More expensive than UTP.
- Less flexible, making installation harder.

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5
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of Coaxial cabling

A

Advantages:
- Resistant to EMI (electromagnetic interference)
- Good for high-frequency signals.

Disadvantages:
- Bulkier and harder to install.
- Slower data transmission speeds than modern cables.

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6
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of Ethernet

A

Advantages:
- Standard for LAN; supports high-speed data transfer.
- Easy to install and widely supported.

Disadvantages:
- Vulnerable to physical damage without protection.

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7
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of Fibre Optic cabling

A

Advantages:
- Extremely high-speed data transfer.
- Immune to EMI and provides long-distance connectivity.

Disadvantages:
- Expensive to install and repair.
- Requires specialized tools and knowledge for installation.

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8
Q

List some weaknesses of copper cables.

A
  • Eavesdropping
    Signals traveling can be intercepted by outsiders.
  • Attenuation
    Losing signal strength over a distance
  • Crosstalk
    Signals from one-line interfering with the signals from another
  • EMI (electro magnetic interference)
    Nearby signals such as machinery can corrupt the signals traveling in the cables
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9
Q

What is topology?

A

The physical layout of a computer network

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10
Q

Provide characteristics of the Star topology

A

PROS
- Easy to set up + maintain
- Problems w/ it will not affect devices in the network
- Customisable
- Easy to extend
- Most common topology

CONS
- Large amount of cabling for the switch
- Switch is costle
- If switch fails, everything fails

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11
Q

Provide characteristics of the Bus topology

A

PROS
- Less cabling than star toplogy – reduces costs
- No switch – reduces costs
- Easy to extend

CONS
- Difficult to troubleshoot
- Fault in main cable can shut down whole network
- Congestion

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12
Q

Provide characteristics of the Ring topology

A

PROS
- Orderly
- Minimal signal degradation
- Can easily create a larger ring network

CONS
- One malfunctioning workstation can create problems for whole network
- Moves, additions+changes of devices can disrupt the network
- Slower than star topology

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13
Q

Provide characteristics of the Hybrid topology

A

PROS
- Reliable with error detecting–Easy troubleshooting
- Effective and Adaptable
- Scalable
- Flexible

CONS
- Complex design
- Costly

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14
Q

Provide characteristics of the MESH topology

A

PROS
- Reduced cable cost
- Robust
- Easy to extend

CONS
- Increased workload for each node
- Complex set up

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15
Q

How many bits does IPv4 use?
How many bits does IPv6 use?

A

IPv4: 32 binary bits
(eg. 216.27.61.137)

IPv6: 128 binary bits
(eg. 2001:cdba:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9652)

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16
Q

What is an IP Address?

A
  • IP is an abbreviation for [Internet Protocol].
  • An IP Address refers to a [numeric] label assigned to each device connected to a computer [network].
  • The function of an IP address is so that the device can access the [internet].
17
Q

Which is connectionless and which connection-oriented.
TCP + UDP

A

TCP – Connection-oriented
UDP – Connectionless

18
Q

What does a switch do?

A

A swtich connects nodes in a star topology.

19
Q

What is NIC?

A

Network Interface Card
- Acts as the physical interface of connection between the computer and the network cable.

20
Q

What does a wireless bridge do that a normal wireless access point does not?

A

A wireless bridge connects network segments.

21
Q

List the layers of the OSI model and what each one does

A
  1. Application Layer – sends data to layer 6
  2. Presentation Layer – translates data to binary+compresses it.
    When msg is sent. it encrypts the data. Recieving device will decrypt the data
  3. Session Layer – determines which data packets belong to which files
  4. Transport Layer – receives data from layer 5, breaks data into segments. Performs logical addressing
  5. Network Layer – transmits data segments between networks in the form of packets
  6. Data link layer – receives packets from layer 3. Performs physical addressing
    This layer is embedded as software in the computers NIC.
  7. Physical Layer – converts the binary from the upper layers into signals + transmits them over local media
22
Q

List the OSI layers again and provide an example for them all

A
  1. Physical Layer (cable)
  2. Data link layer (MAC, switches)
  3. Network Layer (IP, routers)
  4. Transport Layer (TCP, UDP, port numbers)
  5. Session Layer (Syn/Ack)
  6. Presentation Layer (encryption, ASCII, PNG, MIDI)
  7. Application Layer (HTTP, FTP)
23
Q

What does the header of the packet contain?

A
  • Packet length
  • Synchronisation
  • Packet number
  • Protocol
  • Destination address
  • Source address
24
Q

What is VLAN?

A

Virtual Local Area Network
- A subnetwork which can group together collections of devices in a LAN

25
Q

What is a hotspot?

A

A hotspot is a location that offers Internet access, generally through use of Wi-Fi.

26
Q

Wifi VS Ethernet

A

Wifi
- Slow transfer speed
- Suffers from signal interference (inconsistent)
- Data needs to be encrypted
- Higher latency
- Easy to install+deply

Ethernet
- Faster transfer speed
- Consistent speed
- Doesnt need to be encrypted
- Lower latency
- Cable installation required

27
Q

What is the function of DNS in a network?

A

DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

28
Q

What is the purpose of DHCP?

A

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

29
Q

What is the difference between broadcast and point-to-point communication?

A

Broadcast communication sends data to all devices on a network, while point-to-point communication sends data to a specific device.

Information Technology GR11 NOV (8 decks)

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