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CompTia A+ Certification > Networking: Intro to IP > Flashcards

Networking: Intro to IP Flashcards

1
Q

IP - Internet Protocols

A

Client → Ethernet Header - Ethernet Payload - Ethernet Trailer ← Server
Client → Ethernet Header - IP - IP Payload - Ethernet Trailer ← Server
Client → Ethernet Header - IP -TCP - TCP Payload - Ethernet Trailer ← Server
Client → Ethernet Header - IP -TCP - HTTP data - Ethernet Trailer ← Server

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2
Q

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol

A

Connection oriented, “Reliable” delivery, Flow control
Device → TCP Data → Server // Server → TCP ACK → Device

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3
Q

UDP - User Datagram Protocol

A

Connectionless, “Unreliable” delivery, No flow control

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4
Q

Why use UDP?

A

Real-time consumption
Connectionless protocols - DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) & TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) // Data might not get through

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5
Q

Why use TCP?

A

Connection oriented protocols prefer a “return receipt” - HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) & SSH (Secure Shell)

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6
Q

Non-ephemeral ports - Permanent port numbers

A

Ports 0 through 1023

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7
Q

Ephemeral ports - Temporary port numbers

A

Ports 1024 through 65535

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8
Q

Ports on the network

A

Web server - TCP/80
VoIP server - UDP/5004
Email server - TCP/143

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9
Q

What are the FTP - File Transfer Protocol port numbers?

A

TCP/20 (active mode date), TCP/21 (control)

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10
Q

SSH - Secure Shell

A

Encrypted communication link - TCP/22

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11
Q

Telnet - Telecommunication Network - What is the port number?

A

Telnet - Telecommunication Network - TCP/23

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12
Q

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - What is the port number?

A

TCP/25

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13
Q

What is DNS - Domain Name Server and what port number does it use?

A

Converts names to IP address - UDP/53

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14
Q

What is DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and what port numbers are used?

A

Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask and other options
UDP/67 & UDP/68

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15
Q

What is HTTP and what port number does it use?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol - TCP/80 - Communication in the browser & by other applications

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16
Q

What is HTTPS and what port number does it use?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure - TCP/443 // Communication in the browser & by other applications… But with encryption

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17
Q

What is POP3 and what port number does it use?

A

Post Office Protocol version 3 - TCP/110 // Basic mail transfer functionality

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18
Q

What is IMAP4 and what port number does it use?

A

Internet Message Access Protocol - TCP/143 // Includes management of email inbox from multiple clients // Also called CIFS (Common Internet File System)

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19
Q

What are the NetBIOS over TCP/IP (Network Basic Input/Output System port numbers?

A

UDP/137 - NetBIOS name services (nbname)
TCP/139 - NetBIOS session service (nbsession)

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20
Q

What does SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol do and what port numbers are used?

A

Gather stats from network devices
Queries: udp/161
Traps: udp/162

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21
Q

What is LDAP and what port number is used?

A

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) - tcp/389

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22
Q

What is RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and what port number is used?

A

Share a desktop from a remote location over tcp/3389

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23
Q

One of the original 802.11 wireless standards, Operates in the 5 GHz range, 54 megabits per second (Mbit/s)

A

802.11a

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24
Q

802.11b

A

Also an original 802.11 standard, Operates in the 2.4 GHz range, 11 megabits per second (Mbit/s), better range than 802.11a, More frequency conflict

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25
Q

802.11g

A

An “upgrade” to 802.11b, 54 megabits per second (Mbit/s), Same 2.4 GHz frequency conflict problems as 802.11b

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26
Q

802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)

A

The update to 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a, Operates at 5GHz and/or 2.4 GHz, 600 megabits per second (Mbit/s), 802.11n uses MIMO

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27
Q

MIMO

A

Multiple-input multiple-output // Multiple transmit and receive antennas

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28
Q

802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)

A

Operates on the 5Hz band , Increased channel bonding, Denser signaling modulation, Eight MU-MIMO downlink streams (Multiple User-Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)

29
Q

What Wi-Fi technology uses MU-MIMO technology?

A

802.11 AC and 802.11 AX use MU-MIMO

30
Q

MU-MIMO

A

Multiple User-Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) // Nearly 7 gigabits per second

31
Q

802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)

A

Operates at 5GHz and/or 2.4 GHz, 20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz channel widths, 1201 megabits per second per channel

32
Q

OFDMA

A

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access // Works similar to cellular communication // Improves high-density installations

33
Q

RFID (Radio-frequency identification)

A

It’s everywhere
Access badges
Inventory/Assembly line tracking
Pet/Animal identification
Anything that needs to be tracked

34
Q

2.4 GHz Spectrum for 802.11 In North America

A

IEEE channels: 1, 6, & 11 // 20MHz each // 2412 to 2482 MHz

35
Q

5 GHz Spectrum for 802.11 In North America

A

IEEE channels: 36, 40, 44, 48 (YELLOW)
52, 56, 60, 64, (BLUE)
68, 72, 76, 80, 84, 88, 92, 96, (RED)
100, 104, 108, 112, 116, (BLUE)
120, 124, 128, (GREEN)
132, 136, 140, (BLUE)
144, (GREEN)
149, 153, 157, 161, 165, (BLUE)
169, 173, 177 (RED)

20, 40, 80, & 160 MHz options available

Blue - Available channels
Green - New channels added in Apr 2014
Yellow - Indoor channels that can be used outdoors in Apr 2014
Red - Frequencies not available for 802.11

36
Q

DHCP Server

A

Dynamic Host Configuration protocol - Automatic IP address configuration
Enterprise DHCP will be redundant

37
Q

DHCP Process

A

DORA - 4 Step Process
Discover
Offer
Request
Acknowledge

38
Q

A records are for what?

A

IPv4 addresses

39
Q

AAAA records are for what?

A

IPv6 addresses

40
Q

Mail Exchanger Record (MX)

A

Determines the host name for the mail server // Need both the MX and A record to work properly

41
Q

Sender Policy Framework (SPF)

A

SPF Protocol - A list of all servers authorized to send emails for this domain

42
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network

43
Q

PAN

A

Personal Area Network - Bluetooth, IR, FC

44
Q

MAN

A

Metropolitan Area Network - Larger than a LAN, often smaller than a WAN

45
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network

46
Q

SAN

A

Storage Area Network (SAN)

47
Q

WLAN

A

Wireless LAN using 802.11 Tech

48
Q

Cooper Cable Categories

A

1000Base-T - Cat5 - 100 meters - 1g per second
1000Base-T - Cat5e (enhanced) - 100 meters -1g per second
10GBASE-T - Cat 6 - Unshielded: 55 Meters / Shielded: 100 meters - 10G per second
10GBASE-T - Cat 6a (augmented) - 100 meters - 10G per second

49
Q

Plenum-rated Cable

A

Fire-rated cable jacket, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Plenum-rated cables may not be as flexible

50
Q

UTO (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

A

No additional shielding // The most common twisted pair cabling

51
Q

STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)

A

Additional shielding protects against interference // Shield each pair and/or the overall cable // Requires the cable to the grounded

52
Q

T568A

A

White and Green, Green, White and Orange, Blue, White and Blue, Orange, White and Brown, Brown

53
Q

T568B

A

Orange, White and Green, Blue, White and Blue, Green, White and Brown, Brown

54
Q

Cloud Deployment Models

A

Private - Your own virtualized local data center
Public - Available to everyone over the internet
Hybrid - A mix of public and private
Community - Several organizations share the same resources

55
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network

56
Q

IAAS

A

Infrastructure as a Service - Sometimes called Hardware as a Service (HaaS) // Outsource your equipment

57
Q

SAAS

A

Software as a Service - On-demand software

58
Q

PAAS

A

Platform as a Service - No servers, no software, no maintenance team, no HVAC // You don’t have direct control of the data, people, or infrastructure

59
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network

60
Q

Cloud Models (Blue = Client Managed) (Orange = Provider Managed)

A

On Premises - Application, Data, Runtime, MIddleware, OS, Virtualization, Servers, Storage, Networking (All Blue)

IaaS - Application, Data, Runtime, MIddleware, OS (BLUE), Virtualization, Servers, Storage, Networking (ORANGE)

SaaS - Application, Data, Runtime, MIddleware, OS, Virtualization, Servers, Storage, Networking (ALL ORANGE)

PaaS - Application, Data (BLUE), Runtime, MIddleware, OS, Virtualization, Servers, Storage, Networking (ORANGE)

61
Q

Internal Cloud

A

No resources are shared // Build your own cloud // Pay for everything up front // No ongoing costs

62
Q

External Cloud

A

Share resources with a public cloud // Underlying infrastructure owned by third party // Cost may be metered or up-front

63
Q

Metered Cloud Services

A

You pay for what you use // Cost to upload/download // Cost to store

64
Q

Non-Metered

A

You pay for a block of storage // No cost to upload/download

65
Q

Rapid Elasticity

A

Scale up/down as needed // Seamless to everyone // The cloud enables instant resource provisioning

66
Q

DAAS

A

Desktop as a Service - Basic application usage // Minimal operations system on the client // Network connectivity

67
Q

Virtualization

A

One computer, many operating systems // macOS, Windows 11, Linux Ubuntu, all at the same time

68
Q

The Hypervisor

A

Virtual Machine Manager // Manages the virtual platform and guest operating systems

CompTia A+ Certification (4 decks)

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