Networking & Internet

Question 1

Network Classifications

Scope

Answer 1

PAN Personal Area Network
LAN Local Area network
MAN Metroplitan Area Nerwork
WAN Wide Area Network

Question 2

Topology

Answer 2

(Ağ Yapısı)
-Bus (Ethernet)
-Star (Wired/Wireless; Networks with central active devices, HUB/Switch/Access Point)

Question 3

Protocols

Answer 3

CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detector)
-Ethernet
-modern ağlarda yok

CSMA/CD (carrier Sense Multiple Action/Collision Avoidance)
-wifi
-hidden terminal problem

Question 4

Connecting Networks

Answer 4

repeater : bir ağı uzatır
bridge : iki uyumlu ağı birleştirir
switch : birçok uyumlu ağı birlşetirir
router : iki uyumsuz ağı birleştirir
internet : network of networks INTERconnected NETwork
-formed with routers

Question 5

Inter-process Communication

Answer 5

Client server
-Bir server çok client
-Sürekli
-Client iletişimi başlatır
Peer-to-Peer P2P
-eşit şekilde iletişim
-kısa sürebilir

Question 6

Distributed Systems

Answer 6

Farklı bilgisayarlarda çalışan sistemlerdir
+Cluster computing
+Grid computing
+Cloud computing
-Amazon’s elastic compute cloud
-Google Drive

Question 7

The Internet

Answer 7

An internet that spands all over the world

Question 8

ISP

Answer 8

Internet Service Provider
-Tier 1
-Tier 2

Question 9

Tier 3 ISP

Answer 9

Access ISP or Tier 3 ISP
+Connectivity to Internet
-Hot spot (weirless)
-Telephone lines
-Cable/Satellite Systems DSL
-Fiber optics

Question 10

Basic Components of ISP

Answer 10

-Firewall
-Router
-Modem
-Web server
-Email server
-AAA server
-DNS server

Question 11

Internet Addressing

Answer 11

+IP Address : 32 or 128 bit pattern
+Mnemonic Address : (anımsatıcı)
-Domain names
-Top-level domains
+Domain Name Systems (DNS)
-Name servers
-DNS lookup

Question 12

IPv4 Classes

Answer 12

Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E

Question 13

DDN

Answer 13

Dotted Decimal Notation
192.168.1.1

Question 14

Boundaries of IPv4 Address Classes

Answer 14

0.0.0.0.-255.255.255.255

Question 15

IPv6 : New Dimension

Answer 15

128 bit

Question 16

ICANN

Answer 16

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names & Numbers,
ICANN allocates IP addresses to ISPs

Question 17

Early ınternet Apps

Answer 17

NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol
FTP File Transfer Protocol
SSH Telnet and Secure Shell
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Email Electronic Mail
-via POP3 & IMAP

Question 18

Basic Terms for Mail Systems

Answer 18

-Simple Mail Transport Protocol
-Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
-Post Office Protocol
-Internet Mail Access Protocol

Question 19

More Recent Apps

Answer 19

Voice Over IP (VoIP)
Internet Multimedia Streaming

Question 20

Internet Multimedia Streaming

Answer 20

N-unicast
Multicast
On-demand streaming
Content delivery networks CDNs

Question 21

World Wide Web

Answer 21

Hypertext - internet & linked documents
Browsers - presents metarials
Webservers - Provide access to docs (identified by URL transferred by HTTP)

Question 22

HTML

Answer 22

Hypertext Markup Language
-text biçiminde
-tag ler sayesinde bilgisayarla iletişim kurar

Question 23

XML

Answer 23

Extensible Markup Language
-similar to HTML
-SGML (Standart Generalized Markup Lang.) neslinden gelir
-World wide semantic (anlamlı) Web e kapı açar

Question 24

Client vs. Server Side

Answer 24

Client
-Javascript
-Macromedia Flash (outdated)
Server
-Common gateway interface CGI
-Servlets
-Java Server Pages JSP/Active Server Pages ASP
-PHP

Question 25

Protocol for ınternet :

Answer 25

TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Transmission Contol Protocol/Internet Protocol
-Protocol developed internet
-Researchers -> TCP/IP and Internet

Question 26

Internet Software Layers

Answer 26

Application
Transport
Network
Link (Data Link)
Physical

Question 27

TCP/IP Protocol Suite Components

Answer 27

Transport Layer
-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - more reliable
-User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - more efficient
Network (Internet Layer)
-Internet Protocol IP
+IPv4
+Ipv6

Question 28

Security-Attacks

Answer 28

+Malware - viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware, phishing software)
+Denial of service (DoS)
+Spam

Question 29

Security-Protection

Answer 29

-Firewalls
-Spam filters
-Proxy servers
-Antivirus software

Question 30

Encryption

Answer 30

+HTTPS and SSL
+Public Key Encryption
—Public key for encryption
—Private key for decryption
+Certificate and Digital Signatures
—Certificate Authorities