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Intro > Intro to CompEng > Flashcards

Intro to CompEng Flashcards

1
Q

Boolean operations

A

AND OR XOR NOT

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2
Q

Who computes boolean operations?

A

Gates

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3
Q

A circuit built from gates. They can store one bit

A

Flip-Flops

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4
Q

It’s an unit of main memory. It’s typically 8 bits=1 byte)

A

Cell

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5
Q

Most significant bit

A

en solda

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6
Q

Least significant bit

A

en sağda

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7
Q

It identifies one cell in main memory

A

Adress

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8
Q

Memory in which individual cells can be easily accessed in any order

A

Random Access Memory RAM

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9
Q

RAM composed of volatile memory

A

DRAM

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10
Q

KB … bytes

A

2^10

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11
Q

MB …bytes

A

2^20

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12
Q

GB …bytes

A

2^30

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13
Q

Additional Devices

A

Magnetic disks
CDs
DVDs
Magnetic tape
Flash drives
Solid-state disks

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14
Q

Circuits that traps electrons in tiny silicon dioxide chambers
Repeated erasing slowly damages the media

A

Flash Memory

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15
Q

Provides GBs of storage

A

SD Cards

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16
Q

ASCII

A

uses patterns of 7-bit to represent most symbols used in written English

17
Q

ISO

A

developed 8-bit extensions to ASCII each designed to accommodate a major language group

18
Q

Unicode

A

uses patterns up to 21-bits to represent the symbols used in languages world wide, 16-bit for world’s commonly used languages

19
Q

Computer have two limitations when representing numeric values

A

Overflow : when value is too big
Truncation : when a value cannot be represented accurately

20
Q

Two’s complement notation

A

The most popular means of representing integer values

21
Q

Excess notation

A

Means of representing integer values

22
Q

Both Two’s complement and excess notation can suffer from ….. errors

A

overflow

23
Q

Storing Fractions (kesirler)

A

Floating-point notation

24
Q

Floating-point notation includes

A

sign bit exponent mantissa

25
Q

Compressing images

for cartoons
for photos
for photo archiving

A

GIFs are good for cartoons
JPEG is good for photos
TIFF is good for image archiving

26
Q

Compressing audio or video

A

MPEG is good for +high definition TV broadcast
+video conferencing
MP3 is good for +temporal masking
+Frequency masking

27
Q

Communication errors

A

parity bits (even versus odd)
Checkbytes
Error correcting codes

28
Q

Computer architecture

A

Central proccessing unit (CPU) or processor
BUS
Motherboard

29
Q

CPU has ………

A

Arithmetic/Logic unit vs. Control unit
Registers +General purpose
+Special purpose

30
Q

Bus connects ………. and ……………..

A

CPU and main memory

31
Q

Machine language philosophies

A

RISC = Reduced Instruction Set Computing Ex: PowerPC from Apple/IBM/Motorola/ARM
CISC = Complex Instruction Set Computing Ex: Intel

32
Q

At machine cycle
fetch :
decode :
execute :

A

getirme
kod çözme
çalıştırma

33
Q

Special-purpose registers

A

Program counter
Instruction register

Intro (5 decks)

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