Intro to CompEng Flashcards
Boolean operations
AND OR XOR NOT
Who computes boolean operations?
Gates
A circuit built from gates. They can store one bit
Flip-Flops
It’s an unit of main memory. It’s typically 8 bits=1 byte)
Cell
Most significant bit
en solda
Least significant bit
en sağda
It identifies one cell in main memory
Adress
Memory in which individual cells can be easily accessed in any order
Random Access Memory RAM
RAM composed of volatile memory
DRAM
KB … bytes
2^10
MB …bytes
2^20
GB …bytes
2^30
Additional Devices
Magnetic disks
CDs
DVDs
Magnetic tape
Flash drives
Solid-state disks
Circuits that traps electrons in tiny silicon dioxide chambers
Repeated erasing slowly damages the media
Flash Memory
Provides GBs of storage
SD Cards
ASCII
uses patterns of 7-bit to represent most symbols used in written English
ISO
developed 8-bit extensions to ASCII each designed to accommodate a major language group
Unicode
uses patterns up to 21-bits to represent the symbols used in languages world wide, 16-bit for world’s commonly used languages
Computer have two limitations when representing numeric values
Overflow : when value is too big
Truncation : when a value cannot be represented accurately
Two’s complement notation
The most popular means of representing integer values
Excess notation
Means of representing integer values
Both Two’s complement and excess notation can suffer from ….. errors
overflow
Storing Fractions (kesirler)
Floating-point notation
Floating-point notation includes
sign bit exponent mantissa
Compressing images
for cartoons
for photos
for photo archiving
GIFs are good for cartoons
JPEG is good for photos
TIFF is good for image archiving
Compressing audio or video
MPEG is good for +high definition TV broadcast
+video conferencing
MP3 is good for +temporal masking
+Frequency masking
Communication errors
parity bits (even versus odd)
Checkbytes
Error correcting codes
Computer architecture
Central proccessing unit (CPU) or processor
BUS
Motherboard
CPU has ………
Arithmetic/Logic unit vs. Control unit
Registers +General purpose
+Special purpose
Bus connects ………. and ……………..
CPU and main memory
Machine language philosophies
RISC = Reduced Instruction Set Computing Ex: PowerPC from Apple/IBM/Motorola/ARM
CISC = Complex Instruction Set Computing Ex: Intel
At machine cycle
fetch :
decode :
execute :
getirme
kod çözme
çalıştırma
Special-purpose registers
Program counter
Instruction register
