Networking Fundamentals

Question 1

What are the 7 layers of the OSI Model?

Answer 1

Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.

Question 2

What are the layers of the TCP/IP model?

Answer 2

Network Interface, Internet, Transport, Application.

Question 3

What are the well-known ports for HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SSH, and DNS?

Answer 3

HTTP: 80, HTTPS: 443, FTP: 20/21, SSH: 22, DNS: 53.

Question 4

What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing?

Answer 4

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1) and IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses (e.g., 2001:0db8::1).

Question 5

What is subnetting and why is it used?

Answer 5

Subnetting divides a larger network into smaller, more manageable sub-networks, improving security and reducing broadcast traffic.

Question 6

What is a MAC address, and how is it used?

Answer 6

A MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.

Question 7

What are the common types of network topologies?

Answer 7

Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, and Hybrid.

Question 8

What are the primary functions of routers, switches, and firewalls?

Answer 8

Routers direct traffic between networks, switches connect devices within a network, and firewalls control incoming and outgoing traffic based on security rules.

Question 9

What is DHCP and how does it function in a network?

Answer 9

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration to devices on a network.