Networking Basics Flashcards
What is a Network?
The connection between at least two computers
What is the Internet?
The physical connection of computers and wires around the world
What is the World Wide Web?
Information on the internet, more specifically data on internet servers
What is a Client?
A computer requesting content from the internet
Do clients connect directly to the internet?
No
What are Servers?
Servers are computers that store websites and data
What do clients connect to in order to get content from the Internet?
An Internet Service Provider (ISP)
What is an IP address?
An address to a computer that is 32 bits long (4 bytes) and separated into four groups
What is a MAC address?
A hard coded address on a computer
What two things does a computer need to connect to the internet?
An IP address and a MAC address
In what form is data sent through a network?
In packets
What is a Router?
A Router device connects devices together and routes network traffic
How does a computer send packets to another computer on the same network?
Through a Router
How does a computer send packets to another computer on a different network?
Packets get sent to a router, which then sends the packets to a client’s ISP’s network, going through many switches and hubs before reaching the destination’s router and then computer
What are Switches and Hubs?
Switches and hubs are also devices that help our data travel. Switches are like mailrooms in a building. Routers get our letters to the building. But once we’re inside, we use the mailroom to figure out where to send a letter. Hubs are like company memos. They don’t know who to send the memo to, so they send it to everyone
What is a Network Stack?
A set of hardware or software that provides the infrastructure for a computer, all the components that makes up computer networking
What do Network Protocols do?
They are rules that make sure our packets are routed efficiently, aren’t corrupted, are secure, go to the right machine and are named appropriately
What two network protocols are the predominant protocols of the internet?
The Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
What is the Internet Protocol responsible for? What version is still the most widely used?
The Internet Protocol is responsible for delivering packets to the right computers, they help route information. IPv4 is the most popular version today
What is the Transmission Control Protocol responsible for?
The Transmission Control Protocol is responsible for reliably delivering information between networks
What does URL stand for?
Uniform Resource Locator
What does HTML stand for?
Hypertext Markup Language
What is HTML?
A coding language used by web browsers
What are websites basically?
Text documents formatted with HTML
What are the components of a URL?
First is WWW for World Wide Web, then the Domain name, then the Domain Ending
What is a Domain? Where are domains registered?
A Domain is a website name registered with ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names & Numbers)
What is DNS and its function?
Domain Name System acts like an internet directory, mapping domain names to IP addresses
How would you diagnose a DNS problem?
If you can reach a website by entering its IP address but not its domain name, there is likely an issue with your network DNS
How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
128 bits
What is NAT?
Network Address Translation lets organizations use one public IP address and many private IP addresses within the network
