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Computer science > Networking and internetworking > Flashcards

Networking and internetworking Flashcards

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1
Q

WAN

A
  • A network that is connected over a large geographical area.
  • Networking equipment and cables are usually not owned by the organisation but leased from large Telecom businesses.
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2
Q

LAN

A
  • Networking equipment in this network is usually owned and maintained by the organisation.
  • A network that is connected in one building or one site.
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3
Q

Router

A
  • A device in a network that holds information about IP addresses of computers in the network or other networks.
  • A device that can direct data packets around a network in the most efficient way.
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4
Q

Server

A
  • A software process that processes and responds to the request from a client process
  • A software process that initiates a request from a server
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5
Q

MAC

A
  • A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces such as NIC
  • A 48 bit hardware address that has a flat structure comprising of a unique manufacture ID and unique serial number of the device.
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6
Q

IP

A
  • This address can be used by routers to make decisions on which network packets are to be sent out next.
  • A 32 bit address that has a logical structure compromising of a network ID and Host ID.
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7
Q

Switch

A
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8
Q

Client

A
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9
Q

Gateway

A
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10
Q

What is meant by the internet?

A

A global network of linked computers and routers using unique IP addresses and TCP/ IP protocol.

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11
Q

People occasionally think that the World Wide Web is the same as the internet. End the confusion y writing below the differences between the two.

A

WWW: A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet.
Internet: Cabling

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12
Q

A computer has an IP address of 140.234.1.25

a) What is an IP address and why is it used?

A

A unique address that identifies a device on a network 32 bits e.g. 192.168.168.5
Routers make decisions where packets are going to be directed to based on the IP address.

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13
Q

b) Explain in more detail how an IP address is structured?

A

A 32 bit address that has a logical structure containing network ID and a host ID.

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14
Q

c) Explain what is meant by a datagram. Describe how a datagram is made up and how it is used.

A

Group of bits containing source/ destination address error control bits, control bits and data payload.

  • Consists of data package, data payload/ contains header/ footer
  • Data payload is encapsulated with information as it goes through the TCP/ IP stack.
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15
Q

d) Routers are used in computer/ networks. Explain what is meant by a router and describe the function of a router in a computer network.

A

Router: device that connects networks that use the same protocol

  • directs data packets through the network based on their IP address
  • They use routing tables that list all the network IP addresses of networks the router is connected to. Therefore router can make decisions; look up/ find certain IP addresses.
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16
Q

Definition of protocol

A

A standard set of rules to ensure the proper transmission of data between devices.

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17
Q

Explain why protocols are so important in communication systems

A

When data is split up and reassembled it must be in a way that is universally agreed. All devices are programmed with a set of rules to follow so manufactures can make compatible devices.

18
Q

TCP/ IP

A
  • Application layer: Applications
  • Transport layer: TCP, UDP
  • Network layer: IP
  • Data link layer: MAC, Ethernet, FDDI, ISDN
  • Physical layer: Cable, Fibreglass
    Host sun — Data transfer— Host earth
19
Q

List of the names of different protocols

A
  • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (application)
  • FTP: File Transfer Protocol (application)
  • SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (application)
  • IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol (application)
  • DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (application)
  • WAP: Wireless Application Protocol (application)
20
Q

HTTP

A

Port number: 80

Transferring multimedia web pages over the internet

21
Q

FTP

A

Port number: 21

Copying a file from one location to another over the internet

22
Q

SMTP

A

Port number: 25

Mail applications typically use SMTP only for sending email messages

23
Q

IMAP

A

Port number: 993

Transferring emails between computer systems via the internet

24
Q

DHCP

A

Port number: 67
A client / server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol host with its IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.

25
Q

WAP

A

Port number: 2222

Allows wireless devices , such as mobile phones and radio transceivers to be used for Internet access

26
Q

TCP

A

The basic communication protocol of the internet for transmitting data packets between different pieces of hardware.

27
Q

UDP

A

Real-time video and audio streaming protocols are designed to handle occasional lost packets.

28
Q

IP

A

Provides source and destination IP address.

29
Q

HTTP (name and layer)

A

Hyper text transfer protocol - application layer

30
Q

FTP (name and layer)

A

File transfer protocol - application layer

31
Q

SMTP (name and layer)

A

Simple mail transfer protocol - application layer

32
Q

IMAP (name and layer)

A

Internet message access protocol - application layer

33
Q

DHCP (name and layer)

A

Dynamic host configuration protocol - application layer

34
Q

WAP (name and layer)

A

Wireless application protocol - application layer

35
Q

TCP (name and layer)

A

Transmission control protocol - Transport layer

36
Q

UDP (name and layer)

A

User datagram protocol - Transport layer

37
Q

IP (name an layer)

A

Internet protocol - Network layer

38
Q

What are the range of port numbers for: Well known ports

A

0 - 1023

39
Q

What are the range of port numbers for:

User ports

A

Shockwave (port number 1626)

40
Q

What are the range of port numbers for:

Client ports

A

Rage 40152 - 65535

41
Q

Why are server port numbers well-known and registered? (as opposed to client port numbers)

A

When programmers make applications they need to know what ports to communicated to the network application.

42
Q

What are the contents of an IP header?

A
  • Source
  • Destination IP
    (and three of the following)
    1. Version: The IP version is 4 soon to be upgraded to 6
    2. Total length: An IP packet is typically 64 bytes and 1500 bytes

Computer science (14 decks)

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