Networking and Internet

Question 1

Protocol

Answer 1

A standard set of rules that allows devices to communicate.

Question 2

Serial computing

Answer 2

1. Run on single processor
2. Problem broken into discrete instructions
3. Instructions executed one after the other

Question 3

Parallel computing

Answer 3

The use of several processors to perform one SINGLE TASK

1. Run on multiple processors
2. Problem broken into discrete parts that can be solved concurrently
3. Parts broken into discrete instructions
4. Instructions executed on multiple processors simultaneously

Question 4

WAN

Answer 4

A set of links-that-connect geographically remote computers and local area networks.

Question 5

LAN

Answer 5

Group of devices, computers, printers, scanners, under the control of one organization in a small geographical area.

Question 6

Gateway

Answer 6

Device that connects networks that use different protocols.

Question 7

Server

Answer 7

A software process that provides a service request by a client

Question 8

Client

Answer 8

A software process that requests and uses the services provided by a server

Question 9

MAC (address)

Answer 9

A media access control address also called physical address, is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment

Question 10

IP (v4) address

Answer 10

A unique address that identifies a device on a network: 32 bits e.g. 192.168.168.5

Question 11

Switch

Answer 11

Networking device that connects devices together on a network, by using packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the destination device. (Wiki) (Switching: examining packets and routing them to a specific destination)

Question 12

Router

Answer 12

Device that connects networks that use the same protocol. It forwards packets by using the IP address

Question 13

TCP/IP

Answer 13

A set of working practices that follow all internet users to communicate with each other whatever their equipment

Question 14

Datagram/ packet

Answer 14

Group of bits containing, source/ destination address, error control bits and data payload

Question 15

Socket

Answer 15

Combination of host IP address and a port number. It forms a bidirectional communication path between the end processes or applications
e.g. 192.168.168.2:1045

Question 16

Port

Answer 16

an address for a software process e.g. 80

Question 17

Encapsulation

Answer 17

Inclusion of one data structure within another e.g. contents of data payload are hidden from the TCP layer data that packages it.

Question 18

Giving an example, explain why network protocols are necessary

Answer 18

Because otherwise computers wouldn’t be able to communicate with each other. For example: if two computers didn’t use FTP protocol they wouldn’t be able to share files.