Networking Flashcards
What are the 7 layers of the OSI Model?
Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application
What happens to data at each layer of the OSI Model?
Each layer adds or removes headers/data for communication between systems.
What devices operate at OSI Layer 1?
Hub, Ethernet cable, Network cables, repeaters
What device operates at OSI Layer 2?
Switch, network interface cards (NICs)
What device operates at OSI Layer 3?
Router
What does ARP stand for and what does it do?
Address Resolution Protocol; resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses.
What is the function of DNS?
Resolves domain names to IP addresses.
What is the purpose of NAT?
Converts private IPs to public IPs and vice versa.
What does BGP stand for and what is its function?
Border Gateway Protocol; routes data between autonomous systems on the internet.
What is SNMP?
Simple Network Management Protocol; monitors and manages network devices.
What does DHCP do?
Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices.
What happens if the DHCP server is unreachable?
A device waits before retrying or defaulting.
What does APIPA stand for?
Automatic Private IP Addressing; assigns a 169.254.x.x address if DHCP fails.
What is the function of a Switch?
Operates at Layer 2; forwards data based on MAC addresses.
What is the main difference between a Router and a Switch?
Router: Layer 3, routes traffic using IP addresses. Switch: Layer 2, connects devices using MAC addresses.
What is an IP Address?
Logical address (Layer 3); can change between networks.
What is a MAC Address?
Physical address (Layer 2); unique to each network device.
What does VPN stand for and what is its purpose?
Virtual Private Network; encrypts internet traffic, masks IP address, provides secure remote access.
What are Cached Credentials?
Stored login information for authentication when offline or disconnected.
What is Dynamic Addressing?
IP assigned automatically (usually by DHCP); can change.
What is Static Addressing?
IP manually configured; does not change.
What are the basics of Network Troubleshooting?
Check connectivity, verify IP settings, use ping, tracert, ipconfig, restart devices.
Layer 7
Application, Provides network services (HTTP, FTP, DNS).
Data flows down the layers during transmission and up during reception
Layer 6
Presentation, Translates data formats (encryption, compression)
Layer 5
Session, Establishes and manages sessions between devices
Layer 4
Transport, Manages end-to-end communication (TCP, UDP)
Layer 3
Network, Responsible for routing data across networks (IP addresses)
Layer 2
Data Link, Translates data formats (encryption, compression)
Layer 1
Physical, Deals with hardware transmission (cables, switches)
