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Computer Science > Network Topologies, Protocols and Layers Finished > Flashcards

Network Topologies, Protocols and Layers Finished Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a node

A

A device connected to a network

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2
Q

What is a network topology

A

The arrangement in which all nodes are connected together

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3
Q

What are the common network topologies (2)

A

Star

Mesh (full or partial)

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4
Q

What is the configuration of a star topology

A

Al nodes directly connected to a central hub or switch (server is a node)

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5
Q

What model does a star topology typically use

A

Client-server model

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6
Q

What are the advantages of the star topology (3)

A

Each node is separately connected, therefore a failure of one node or link does not affect any of the other nodes
New nodes can be added to the network by connecting them to the switch
They tend to have higher performance as a message is passed on to its intended recipient only

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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of the star topology (2)

A

The whole network fails if the switch fails as no node can communicate
Can be expensive if wired due to the cabling

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8
Q

When are star topologies commonly used (2)

A

Large organisations

Home networks

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9
Q

What is the central connection for all nodes in a home network

A

Router/WAP

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10
Q

What is the configuration of a mesh topology

A

Each node is connected to at least one other node (partial mesh) or all other nodes (full mesh)

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11
Q

Why are wired mesh networks uncommon but wireless mesh networks becoming more popular

A

Wired mesh networks are expensive but it’s becoming easier to connect nodes wirelessly using radio signals

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12
Q

What are the advantages of using a mesh network (5)

A

Messages can be received more quickly is the route to the intended recipient is short
Messages should always get through as they have multiple routes on which to travel
Multiple connections mean that no node should be isolated
Multiple connections mean each node can transmit to an receive from more than one node at the same time
New nodes can be added without interruption or interfering with other nodes

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages to using a mesh network (2)

A

Full mesh networks can be impractical to set up due to the large number of connections required
Many connections require a lot of maintenance

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14
Q

When are mesh topologies often used (4)

A

Military organisations - to avoid breakdown of communication
Cities - help monitor traffic flow, sewage treatment and street lights
Emergency services - ensure communication is reliable
Utility companies - to allow smart meters to send readings automatically

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15
Q

What is ethernet

A

A protocol that describes how data is transmitted in wired networks

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16
Q

How does a wireless network connect nodes

A

Wi-Fi

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17
Q

What radio frequencies does Wi-Fi use (2)

A

2.4 GHz

5 GHz

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18
Q

How does a node connect to a WAP

A

By a radio transceiver

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19
Q

How are WAPs connected

A

By wire or wirelessly to a network switch or wirelessly to other WAPs

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20
Q

What are the advantages to using Wi-Fi as a connection in a network

A

New nodes can be added easily without interruption to the network

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21
Q

What are the disadvantages of using Wi-Fi as a transmission media(4)

A

Wi-Fi signals have a limited range (>50 metres)
Wi-Fi signals can suffer from electromagnetic interference from other devices and other Wi-Fi signals and can also be blocked by walls leading to dead spots
Each WAP only has so much bandwidth to share among connected nodes
Wi-Fi signals pose a security threat as they can be intercepted, meaning messages have to be encrypted

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22
Q

Why is Wi-Fi so popular (2)

A

It is easy to connect a node to a network

It’s wireless so there is a lot of freedom of movement

23
Q

What is encryption

A

The process of disguising a message so that it cannot be understood by anyone but its intended recipient

24
Q

What is an unencrypted message called

A

Plaintext

25
Q

What is an encrypted message called

A

Ciphertext

26
Q

What is asymmetric encryption

A

Creating a private key and public key

27
Q

What is the public key used for

A

Encrypting the message: anyone can do this

28
Q

What is the private key used for

A

Decrypting the message: this is never given out

29
Q

When is asymmetric encryption used

A

Banks use it for all messages

30
Q

What is a protocol

A

A set of rules that govern communication

31
Q

What protocols govern addressing

A

IP (Internet protocol)

MAC (Media access control)

32
Q

What is IP addressing

A

Giving a device a unique IP address when it’s connected to a network

33
Q

What is the format of an IP address

A

Four sets of three digits separated by dots

34
Q

What does a node do when it wants to send a message to another node

A

It uses the recipient node’s address as the destination. A switch on the network knows where the node with this address is and routes the message to it

35
Q

what are the types of IP address (2)

A

static and dynamic

36
Q

what happens to the IP address of a node when it is assigned a static IP address

A

it keeps the same address

37
Q

what happens to the IP address of a node that has been assigned a dynamic IP address

A

it has a different IP address based on the network it joins

38
Q

what is DHCP

A

dynamic host configuration protocol

assigning a device a different IP address every time it joins a network

39
Q

what is the benefit of static addressing

A

it’s easier for network managers to know which device is on a network

40
Q

what is the benefit of dynamic addressing

A

it allows more devices to connect than there are available addresses

41
Q

what is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6

A

IPv4 uses four digits to hold the IP address

IPv6 uses six digits to hold the IP address

42
Q

what is a MAC address

A

a unique serial number assigned to each network interface controller (NIC) which allows a network to uniquely identify any device even when a dynamic IP address is used, by giving each device a unique MAC address

43
Q

what is the format of a MAC address

A

a string of hexadecimal numbers

44
Q

what is TCP/IP

A

transmission control protocol/internet protocol

enables communication over the internet

45
Q

what is HTTP and HTTPS

A

hypertext transfer protocol (secure)
governs communication between a webserver and a client. HTTPS includes secure encryption to allow transactions to be made over the internet

46
Q

what is FTP

A

file transfer protocol

governs the transmission of files across a network and the internet

47
Q

what is SMTP

A

simple mail transfer protocol

governs the sending of email over a network to a mail server

48
Q

what is POP and IMAP

A

post office protocol and internet message access protocol

governs retrieving emails from email servers. same thing but IMAP is replacing POP

49
Q

what does network layering mean

A

breaking up the sending of messages into separate components and activities . can be referred to as TCP/IP

50
Q

what are the four types of network layers [describe]

A

application layer - encodes/decodes the message in a form that is understood by the sender and the recipient
transport layer - breaks down the message into packets
network layer - adds the sender’s IP address and the recipient’s IP address
data link layer - enables the transfer of packets between nodes on a network, and between one network and another

51
Q

what is the benefit of layering

A

it allows standards to be developed and allows it to be adapted to new hardware and software

52
Q

what is packet switching

A

turning messages into small packets

53
Q

what does a packet consist of (2)

A

header - includes both IP addresses, packet number, total number of packets and protocols used
payload - actual message

Computer Science (10 decks)

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