Ethical, Legal, Cultural and Environmental Concerns Finished

Question 1

what is the digital divide

Answer 1

the division that exists between people that can use technology and are comfortable doing so and those who are not

Question 2

give three examples of where the digital divide happens

Answer 2

older and younger generations
richer and poorer countries
experiences and inexperienced with technology

Question 3

what are the environmental issues surrounding computers (2)

Answer 3

recourses are needed to manufacture the hardware

computers need electricity to run

Question 4

what are the five computer data laws laws

Answer 4

the data protection act (1998/2018)
the computer misuse act (1990)
the copyright, designs and patents act (1988)
creative commons licensing 
freedom of information act (2000)

Question 5

what are the key principles of the gdpr 2018 (6)

Answer 5

personal data must be fairly and lawfully processed
personal data must be obtained for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes
personal data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive
personal data must be accurate and up to date
personal data must not be kept for longer than is necessary
personal data must be handled in a way that ensures security

Question 6

what are the three terms of the computer misuse act 1990

Answer 6

it is illegal to access data stored on a computer unless you have permission to do so
it is illegal to access data on a computer when that material will be used to commit further illegal activity
it is illegal to make changes to any data stored on a computer when the user does not have permission to do so

Question 7

what is the max fine for breaking the computer misuse act 1990

Answer 7

£5,000 or several years imprisonment

Question 8

what is copyright

Answer 8

a legal means of ensuring that content creators can protect what they create

Question 9

what can be copyrighted (4)

Answer 9

pictures/photos
videos
text
games

Question 10

how is copyright applied to products

Answer 10

automatically unless the creator wishes to give the rights away

Question 11

what is a license

Answer 11

after you buy something the copyright holder grants permission for it to be used as part of the sale

Question 12

what are the four cc licenses + description

Answer 12

attribution - the work can be copied, modified, distributed, displayed and performed but the copyright owner must be given credit
non-commercial - the work can be copied, modified, distributed and displayed but no profit can be made from it
no derivative works - the work can be copied, distributed, displayed and performed but not modified
share-alike - the work can be modified and distributed but must be covered by an identical license

Question 13

how are cc licenses applied to products

Answer 13

the copyright owner must assign it one

Question 14

who can request information via the freedom of information act 2000

Answer 14

anyone

Question 15

how do people request data

Answer 15

written (letter or email)

Question 16

when do organisations refuse to give out information (2)

Answer 16

if the data is sensitive (GDPR 2018)

if the information is too costly or time consuming

Question 17

what are the two types of ownership and licensing software

Answer 17

open source - may not be copyrighted, usually available to everyone
proprietary - copyrighted, can only be obtained by paying for a license

Question 18

what are the four advantages to open source software

Answer 18

it costs nothing
it provides the source code so that anyone can modify the software for their own purposes
it can have many authors so the software can be refined over time
a modified version (derivative)
must also be made freely available

Question 19

what are the two disadvantages to open source software

Answer 19

there is no guarantee it works properly as there is no requirement for anyone to ensure it is bug free
support may not be readily available

Question 20

what are the four advantages of proprietary software

Answer 20

the products should be free of bugs and are fixed in free patches if any still exist
help can be sought from the organisation who supplied the software if problems occur
feature updates are often available
often has support from many sources

Question 21

what are the three disadvantages of proprietary software

Answer 21

there is an initial or ongoing cost
software cannot be modified to meet the needs of the user
it can be limited to a single computer or network so the user cannot redistribute the software