Ethical, Legal, Cultural and Environmental Concerns Finished Flashcards
what is the digital divide
the division that exists between people that can use technology and are comfortable doing so and those who are not
give three examples of where the digital divide happens
older and younger generations
richer and poorer countries
experiences and inexperienced with technology
what are the environmental issues surrounding computers (2)
recourses are needed to manufacture the hardware
computers need electricity to run
what are the five computer data laws laws
the data protection act (1998/2018) the computer misuse act (1990) the copyright, designs and patents act (1988) creative commons licensing freedom of information act (2000)
what are the key principles of the gdpr 2018 (6)
personal data must be fairly and lawfully processed
personal data must be obtained for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes
personal data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive
personal data must be accurate and up to date
personal data must not be kept for longer than is necessary
personal data must be handled in a way that ensures security
what are the three terms of the computer misuse act 1990
it is illegal to access data stored on a computer unless you have permission to do so
it is illegal to access data on a computer when that material will be used to commit further illegal activity
it is illegal to make changes to any data stored on a computer when the user does not have permission to do so
what is the max fine for breaking the computer misuse act 1990
£5,000 or several years imprisonment
what is copyright
a legal means of ensuring that content creators can protect what they create
what can be copyrighted (4)
pictures/photos
videos
text
games
how is copyright applied to products
automatically unless the creator wishes to give the rights away
what is a license
after you buy something the copyright holder grants permission for it to be used as part of the sale
what are the four cc licenses + description
attribution - the work can be copied, modified, distributed, displayed and performed but the copyright owner must be given credit
non-commercial - the work can be copied, modified, distributed and displayed but no profit can be made from it
no derivative works - the work can be copied, distributed, displayed and performed but not modified
share-alike - the work can be modified and distributed but must be covered by an identical license
how are cc licenses applied to products
the copyright owner must assign it one
who can request information via the freedom of information act 2000
anyone
how do people request data
written (letter or email)
when do organisations refuse to give out information (2)
if the data is sensitive (GDPR 2018)
if the information is too costly or time consuming
what are the two types of ownership and licensing software
open source - may not be copyrighted, usually available to everyone
proprietary - copyrighted, can only be obtained by paying for a license
what are the four advantages to open source software
it costs nothing
it provides the source code so that anyone can modify the software for their own purposes
it can have many authors so the software can be refined over time
a modified version (derivative)
must also be made freely available
what are the two disadvantages to open source software
there is no guarantee it works properly as there is no requirement for anyone to ensure it is bug free
support may not be readily available
what are the four advantages of proprietary software
the products should be free of bugs and are fixed in free patches if any still exist
help can be sought from the organisation who supplied the software if problems occur
feature updates are often available
often has support from many sources
what are the three disadvantages of proprietary software
there is an initial or ongoing cost
software cannot be modified to meet the needs of the user
it can be limited to a single computer or network so the user cannot redistribute the software
